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J Neurophysiol 101: 2872-2877, 2009. First published April 1, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.91060.2008
0022-3077/09 $8.00
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Neurochemical Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

C. J. Stagg1,2, M. Wylezinska1,3, P. M. Matthews1,4, H. Johansen-Berg1, P. Jezzard1, J. C. Rothwell5 and S. Bestmann5,6

1Centre for Functional Resonance Imaging of the Brain and 2Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford; 3Biological Imaging Centre, Imaging Sciences Department, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and 4Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Imperial College London and GSK Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital; and 5Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience and Movement Disorders and 6Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, United Kingdom

Submitted 15 September 2008; accepted in final form 24 March 2009

Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a novel transcranial stimulation technique that causes significant inhibition of synaptic transmission for ≤1 h when applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) in humans. Here we use magnetic resonance spectroscopy to define mechanisms mediating this inhibition by noninvasively measuring local changes in the cortical concentrations of {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx). cTBS to the left M1 led to an increase in GABA compared with stimulation at a control site without significant change in Glx. This direct evidence for increased GABAergic interneuronal activity is framed in terms of a new hypothesis regarding mechanisms underlying cTBS.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. J. Stagg, FMRIB Centre, Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK (E-mail: cstagg{at}fmrib.ox.ac.uk)






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