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J Neurophysiol 101: 2878-2888, 2009. First published March 18, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.90761.2008
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Bumetanide, an NKCC1 Antagonist, Does Not Prevent Formation of Epileptogenic Focus but Blocks Epileptic Focus Seizures in Immature Rat Hippocampus

Romain Nardou, Yehezkel Ben-Ari and Ilgam Khalilov

Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranee, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 901 and Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France

Submitted 11 July 2008; accepted in final form 10 March 2009

Excitatory GABA action induced by high [Cl–]i is thought to contribute to seizure generation in neonatal neurons although the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We report that bumetanide, a NKCC1 antagonist, reduces driving force of GABA-mediated currents (DFGABA) in neonatal hippocampal neurons and blocks the giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs), a spontaneous pattern of network activity. In the preparation composed of two intact interconnected hippocampi, bumetanide did not prevent generation of kainate-induced seizures, their propagation to the contralateral hippocampus, and formation of an epileptogenic mirror focus. However, in the isolated mirror focus, bumetanide effectively blocked spontaneous epileptiform activity transforming it to the GDP-like activity pattern. Bumetanide partially reduced DFGABA and therefore the excitatory action of GABA in epileptic neurons. Therefore bumetanide is a potent anticonvulsive agent although it cannot prevent formation of the epileptogenic mirror focus. We suggest that an additional mechanism other than NKCC1-mediated contributes to the persistent increase of DFGABA in epileptic neurons.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: Y Ben-Ari, INMED U901 INSERM, 163, route de Luminy, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France (E-mail ben-ari{at}inmed.univ-mrs.fr)






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