JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 42: 936-953, 1979;
0022-3077/79 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Forssberg, H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Forssberg, H.

Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 42, Issue 4 936-953, Copyright © 1979 by APS

ARTICLES

Stumbling corrective reaction: a phase-dependent compensatory reaction during locomotion

H. Forssberg

1. Tactile stimuli to the paw consisting of a stick making contact or an air puff aimed at the dorsum were used to study the phasic influence of locomotor activity on the reflex pattern elicited in extensor and flexor muscles and on the induced compensatory movements in intact cats. The resulting movements and reflex pattern are called "stumbling corrective reactions." 2. The basic reflex pattern and movements of the stumbling corrective reaction are: a) if the stimulus occurs during the swing phase, a short-latency activation of the flexor muscles, which induces an additional flexion of the limb lifting the paw over the obstacle; b) if the stimulus occurs during the support phase, an inhibition followed by an excitation of the extensor muscles, which neither increase nor decrease the extension. However, the stimulus evokes an increased flexor activity in the succeeding swing phase, which induces a brisker flexion. 3. Tactile stimuli to the proximal part of the limb or to the belly in front of the knee evoked the same type of phase-dependent compensatory reactions. Such reactions would presumably be beneficial for the animal to avoid high obstacles that impede movement. 4. A nonnoxious electrical stimulus (typically 2 mA; 1 ms) applied to the dorsum of the paw was used to study systematically the reflex pattern of the stumbling corrective reaction. Two pathways were defined to the knee flexor (semitendinosus). One early burst was evoked at about 10 ms and one later at about 25 ms after the stimulus. Short inhibitory pathways and longer excitatory pathways (20-50 ms) projected to the extensor nuclei. A short-latency (10 ms) excitatory pathway to the ankle extensor (lateral gastrocnemius) was also activated. 5. A painful electrical stimulus applied to the dorsum of the paw evoked large flexor responses during the whole step cycle. During the support phase the locomotion was disrupted as the supporting limb was withdrawn. 6. The results demonstrate that intact cats are able to compensate rapidly for unpredicted perturbations and that the reflex pattern and the induced corrective movements are adapted to the locomotor activity so that functionally meaningful movements are evoked in each phase of the step cycle. 7. The evoked reflexes and their modulation are consistent with those previously found in chronic spinal cats during walking and in paralyzed spinal cats performing "fictive locomotion." It is suggested that the same spinal pathways are used, and that they are controlled by the spinal "locomotor generator."


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
A. Frigon and S. Rossignol
Adaptive changes of the locomotor pattern and cutaneous reflexes during locomotion studied in the same cats before and after spinalization
J. Physiol., June 15, 2008; 586(12): 2927 - 2945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Haridas, E. P. Zehr, and J. E. Misiaszek
Adaptation of Cutaneous Stumble Correction When Tripping Is Part of the Locomotor Environment
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2008; 99(6): 2789 - 2797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Frigon and S. Rossignol
Short-Latency Crossed Inhibitory Responses in Extensor Muscles During Locomotion in the Cat
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 989 - 998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Integr. Comp. Biol.Home page
D.A. McVea and K.G. Pearson
Contextual learning and obstacle memory in the walking cat
Integr. Comp. Biol., October 1, 2007; 47(4): 457 - 464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. Heng and R. D. de Leon
The Rodent Lumbar Spinal Cord Learns to Correct Errors in Hindlimb Coordination Caused by Viscous Force Perturbations during Stepping
J. Neurosci., August 8, 2007; 27(32): 8558 - 8562.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
E. P. Zehr, J. E. Balter, D. P. Ferris, S. R. Hundza, P. M. Loadman, and R. H. Stoloff
Neural regulation of rhythmic arm and leg movement is conserved across human locomotor tasks
J. Physiol., July 1, 2007; 582(1): 209 - 227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. Bernard, L. Bouyer, J. Provencher, and S. Rossignol
Study of Cutaneous Reflex Compensation During Locomotion After Nerve Section in the Cat
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2007; 97(6): 4173 - 4185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
A. Berkowitz
Spinal Interneurons That Are Selectively Activated during Fictive Flexion Reflex
J. Neurosci., April 25, 2007; 27(17): 4634 - 4641.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neurorehabil Neural RepairHome page
P. Plummer, A. L. Behrman, P. W. Duncan, P. Spigel, D. Saracino, J. Martin, E. Fox, M. Thigpen, and S. A. Kautz
Effects of Stroke Severity and Training Duration on Locomotor Recovery After Stroke: A Pilot Study
Neurorehabil Neural Repair, March 1, 2007; 21(2): 137 - 151.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
D. A. McVea and K. G. Pearson
Long-Lasting, Context-Dependent Modification of Stepping in the Cat After Repeated Stumbling-Corrective Responses
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 659 - 669.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
J. F. Yang and M. Gorassini
Spinal and Brain Control of Human Walking: Implications for Retraining of Walking
Neuroscientist, October 1, 2006; 12(5): 379 - 389.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
D. L. Boothe, A. H. Cohen, and T. W. Troyer
Temporal Correlations in Stochastic Models of Double Bursting During Simulated Locomotion
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2006; 95(3): 1556 - 1570.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
S. Rossignol, R. Dubuc, and J.-P. Gossard
Dynamic Sensorimotor Interactions in Locomotion
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2006; 86(1): 89 - 154.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. Quevedo, K. Stecina, S. Gosgnach, and D. A. McCrea
Stumbling Corrective Reaction During Fictive Locomotion in the Cat
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2005; 94(3): 2045 - 2052.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. Quevedo, K. Stecina, and D. A. McCrea
Intracellular Analysis of Reflex Pathways Underlying the Stumbling Corrective Reaction During Fictive Locomotion in the Cat
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2005; 94(3): 2053 - 2062.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
V. C. K. Cheung, A. d'Avella, M. C. Tresch, and E. Bizzi
Central and Sensory Contributions to the Activation and Organization of Muscle Synergies during Natural Motor Behaviors
J. Neurosci., July 6, 2005; 25(27): 6419 - 6434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
F. Bretzner and T. Drew
Motor Cortical Modulation of Cutaneous Reflex Responses in the Hindlimb of the Intact Cat
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 673 - 687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. Xia, B. M. H. Bush, and G. M. Karst
Phase-dependent and task-dependent modulation of stretch reflexes during rhythmical hand tasks in humans
J. Physiol., May 1, 2005; 564(3): 941 - 951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. A. Baez, T. S. Brink, and P. Mason
Roles for Pain Modulatory Cells during Micturition and Continence
J. Neurosci., January 12, 2005; 25(2): 384 - 394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
L. R. Bent, J. T. Inglis, and B. J. McFadyen
When is Vestibular Information Important During Walking?
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2004; 92(3): 1269 - 1275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. G. Davidson and J. A. Buford
Motor Outputs From the Primate Reticular Formation to Shoulder Muscles as Revealed by Stimulus-Triggered Averaging
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2004; 92(1): 83 - 95.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
B. Blaesing and H. Cruse
Stick insect locomotion in a complex environment: climbing over large gaps
J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2004; 207(8): 1273 - 1286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
L.J.G. Bouyer and S. Rossignol
Contribution of Cutaneous Inputs From the Hindpaw to the Control of Locomotion. I. Intact Cats
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2003; 90(6): 3625 - 3639.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
L.J.G. Bouyer and S. Rossignol
Contribution of Cutaneous Inputs From the Hindpaw to the Control of Locomotion. II. Spinal Cats
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2003; 90(6): 3640 - 3653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
L. Brizzi, L. H. Ting, and D. Zytnicki
Positive Proprioceptive Feedback Elicited By Isometric Contractions of Ankle Flexors on Pretibial Motoneurons in Cats
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2207 - 2214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
R. E. Burke, A. M. Degtyarenko, and E. S. Simon
Patterns of Locomotor Drive to Motoneurons and Last-Order Interneurons: Clues to the Structure of the CPG
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2001; 86(1): 447 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ptjournalHome page
A. L Behrman and S. J Harkema
Locomotor Training After Human Spinal Cord Injury: A Series of Case Studies
Physical Therapy, July 1, 2000; 80(7): 688 - 700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
B.M.H. van Wezel, B.G.M. van Engelen, F.J.M. Gabreels, A.A.W.M. Gabreels-Festen, and J. Duysens
Abeta Fibers Mediate Cutaneous Reflexes During Human Walking
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2000; 83(5): 2980 - 2986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ptjournalHome page
E. C. Field-Fote
Spinal Cord Control of Movement: Implications for Locomotor Rehabilitation Following Spinal Cord Injury
Physical Therapy, May 1, 2000; 80(5): 477 - 484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. H. Martin, S. E. Cooper, A. Hacking, and C. Ghez
Differential Effects of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Inactivation on Reaching and Adaptive Control
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 1886 - 1899.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. M. Schillings, B.M.H. van Wezel, Th. Mulder, and J. Duysens
Muscular Responses and Movement Strategies During Stumbling Over Obstacles
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 2093 - 2102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
C Bartling and J Schmitz
Reaction to disturbances of a walking leg during stance
J. Exp. Biol., January 4, 2000; 203(7): 1211 - 1223.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
W. J. Kargo and S. F. Giszter
Rapid Correction of Aimed Movements by Summation of Force-Field Primitives
J. Neurosci., January 1, 2000; 20(1): 409 - 426.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
J. Duysens, F. Clarac, and H. Cruse
Load-Regulating Mechanisms in Gait and Posture: Comparative Aspects
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2000; 80(1): 83 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. C. Raasch and F. E. Zajac
Locomotor Strategy for Pedaling: Muscle Groups and Biomechanical Functions
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 515 - 525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
D. McCREA, J. QUEVEDO, B. FEDIRCHUK, and S. GOSGNACH
The Stumbling Correction Reaction during Fictive Locomotion in the Cat
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 16, 1998; 860(1): 502 - 504.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
L. J.G. BOUYER and S. ROSSIGNOL
The Contribution of Cutaneous Inputs to Locomotion in the Intact and the Spinal Cat
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 16, 1998; 860(1): 508 - 512.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Chau, H. Barbeau, and S. Rossignol
Effects of Intrathecal alpha 1- and alpha 2-Noradrenergic Agonists and Norepinephrine on Locomotion in Chronic Spinal Cats
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1998; 79(6): 2941 - 2963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. P. Zehr, K. Fujita, and R. B. Stein
Reflexes From the Superficial Peroneal Nerve During Walking in Stroke Subjects
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 848 - 858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. M. Degtyarenko, E. S. Simon, T. Norden-Krichmar, and R. E. Burke
Modulation of Oligosynaptic Cutaneous and Muscle Afferent Reflex Pathways During Fictive Locomotion and Scratching in the Cat
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1998; 79(1): 447 - 463.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. P. Zehr, T. Komiyama, and R. B. Stein
Cutaneous Reflexes During Human Gait: Electromyographic and Kinematic Responses to Electrical Stimulation
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1997; 77(6): 3311 - 3325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
B. M. H. Van Wezel, F. A. M. Ottenhoff, and J. Duysens
Dynamic Control of Location-Specific Information in Tactile Cutaneous Reflexes from the Foot during Human Walking
J. Neurosci., May 15, 1997; 17(10): 3804 - 3814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
S Grillner
Neurobiological bases of rhythmic motor acts in vertebrates
Science, April 12, 1985; 228(4696): 143 - 149.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online