JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 53: 266-291, 1985;
0022-3077/85 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hikosaka, O.
Right arrow Articles by Wurtz, R. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hikosaka, O.
Right arrow Articles by Wurtz, R. H.

Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 53, Issue 1 266-291, Copyright © 1985 by APS

ARTICLES

Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related substances. I. Effect of muscimol and bicuculline in monkey superior colliculus

O. Hikosaka and R. H. Wurtz

Our previous observations led to the hypothesis that cells in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) tonically inhibit saccade-related cells in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC). Before saccades to visual or remembered targets, cells in SNr briefly reduce that inhibition, allowing a burst of spikes of SC cells that, in turn, leads to the initiation of a saccadic eye movement. Since this inhibition is likely to be mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), we tested this hypothesis by injecting a GABA agonist (muscimol) or a GABA antagonist (bicuculline) into the superior colliculus and measured the effects on saccadic eye movements made to visual or remembered targets. An injection of muscimol selectively suppressed saccades to the movement field of the cells near the injection site. The affected area expanded over time, thus suggesting the diffusion of muscimol in the SC; the area never included the other hemifield, suggesting that the diffusion was limited to one SC. One of the monkeys became unable to make any saccades to the affected area. Saccades to visual targets following injection of muscimol had longer latency and slightly shorter amplitudes that were corrected by subsequent saccades. The most striking change was a decrease in the peak velocity of the saccade, frequently to less than half the preinjection value. Saccades to remembered targets following injection of muscimol also showed an increase in latency and decrease in velocity, but in addition, showed a striking decrease in the accuracy of the saccades. The trajectories of saccades became distorted as if they were deflected away from the affected area. After muscimol injection, the area over which spontaneous eye movements were made shifted toward the side ipsilateral to the injection. Saccades toward the contralateral side were less frequent and slower. In nystagmus, which developed later, the slow phase was toward the contralateral side. In contrast to muscimol, injection of bicuculline facilitated the initiation of saccades. Injection was followed almost immediately by stereotyped and apparently irrepressible saccades made toward the center of the movement field of the SC cells at the injection site. The monkeys became unable to fixate during the tasks; the fixation was interrupted by saccadic jerks made to the affected area of the visual field and then back to the fixation point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. M. G. Walton, B. Bechara, and N. J. Gandhi
Effect of Reversible Inactivation of Superior Colliculus on Head Movements
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2008; 99(5): 2479 - 2495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
R. M. McPeek
Reversal of a Distractor Effect on Saccade Target Selection After Superior Colliculus Inactivation
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2008; 99(5): 2694 - 2702.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
M. C. Fahey, P. D. Cremer, S. T. Aw, L. Millist, M. J. Todd, O. B. White, M. Halmagyi, L. A. Corben, V. Collins, A. J. Churchyard, et al.
Vestibular, saccadic and fixation abnormalities in genetically confirmed Friedreich ataxia
Brain, April 1, 2008; 131(4): 1035 - 1045.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Ikeda and O. Hikosaka
Positive and Negative Modulation of Motor Response in Primate Superior Colliculus by Reward Expectation
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2007; 98(6): 3163 - 3170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cogn. Neurosci.Home page
A. T. Herdman and J. D. Ryan
Spatio-temporal Brain Dynamics Underlying Saccade Execution, Suppression, and Error-related Feedback.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., March 1, 2007; 19(3): 420 - 432.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
S. Ramat, R. J. Leigh, D. S. Zee, and L. M. Optican
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural control of saccadic eye movements
Brain, January 1, 2007; 130(1): 10 - 35.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. K. Rodgers, D. P. Munoz, S. H. Scott, and M. Pare
Discharge Properties of Monkey Tectoreticular Neurons
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3502 - 3511.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
L. C. Populin
Anesthetics Change the Excitation/Inhibition Balance That Governs Sensory Processing in the Cat Superior Colliculus
J. Neurosci., June 22, 2005; 25(25): 5903 - 5914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
L. Gradstein, A. Danek, J. Grafman, and E. J. FitzGibbon
Eye Movements in Chorea-Acanthocytosis
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 1979 - 1987.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. J. Tehovnik, W. M. Slocum, C. E. Carvey, and P. H. Schiller
Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate Cortex
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2005; 93(1): 1 - 19.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. Watanabe, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Inoue, and T. Isa
Effects of Local Nicotinic Activation of the Superior Colliculus on Saccades in Monkeys
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2005; 93(1): 519 - 534.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. A. Sommer and R. H. Wurtz
What the Brain Stem Tells the Frontal Cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF Pathway in Corollary Discharge
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2004; 91(3): 1403 - 1423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H. Hirata, K. Okamoto, and D. A. Bereiter
GABAA Receptor Activation Modulates Corneal Unit Activity in Rostral and Caudal Portions of Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 2837 - 2849.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. M. G. Walton and L. E. Mays
Discharge of Saccade-Related Superior Colliculus Neurons During Saccades Accompanied by Vergence
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 1124 - 1139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. O. Helminski and M. A. Segraves
Macaque Frontal Eye Field Input to Saccade-Related Neurons in the Superior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 1046 - 1062.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. J. Anastasio and P. E. Patton
A Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Algorithm Reproduces Multisensory Enhancement in a Neural Network Model of the Corticotectal System
J. Neurosci., July 30, 2003; 23(17): 6713 - 6727.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. Pare and D. P. Hanes
Controlled Movement Processing: Superior Colliculus Activity Associated with Countermanded Saccades
J. Neurosci., July 23, 2003; 23(16): 6480 - 6489.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. P. Doubell, I. Skaliora, J. Baron, and A. J. King
Functional Connectivity between the Superficial and Deeper Layers of the Superior Colliculus: An Anatomical Substrate for Sensorimotor Integration
J. Neurosci., July 23, 2003; 23(16): 6596 - 6607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
D. M. Shaffer, C. M. Krisky, and J. A. Sweeney
Frequency and Metrics of Square-Wave Jerks: Influences of Task-Demand Characteristics
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2003; 44(3): 1082 - 1087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
C. J. Ploner, A. Tschirch, F. Ostendorf, S. Dick, B. M. Gaymard, S. Rivaud-Pechoux, F. Sporkert, F. Pragst, and A. M. Stadelmann
Oculomotor Effects of {delta}-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans: Implications for the Functional Neuroanatomy of the Brain Cannabinoid System
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2002; 12(10): 1016 - 1023.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
R. Soetedjo, C. R. S. Kaneko, and A. F. Fuchs
Evidence Against a Moving Hill in the Superior Colliculus During Saccadic Eye Movements in the Monkey
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2778 - 2789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cogn. Neurosci.Home page
E. M. Reingold and D. M. Stampe
Saccadic Inhibition in Voluntary and Reflexive Saccades
J. Cogn. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 14(3): 371 - 388.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
L. M. OPTICAN and C. QUAIA
Distributed Model of Collicular and Cerebellar Function during Saccades
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2002; 956(1): 164 - 177.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
R. F. Lewis and T. O. Crawford
Slow Target-Directed Eye Movements in Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 686 - 691.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. A. Edelman and M. E. Goldberg
Dependence of Saccade-Related Activity in the Primate Superior Colliculus on Visual Target Presence
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2001; 86(2): 676 - 691.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
L. Fogassi, V. Gallese, G. Buccino, L. Craighero, L. Fadiga, and G. Rizzolatti
Cortical mechanism for the visual guidance of hand grasping movements in the monkey: A reversible inactivation study
Brain, March 1, 2001; 124(3): 571 - 586.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
D. P. Hanes and R. H. Wurtz
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for Saccade Generation
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2001; 85(2): 804 - 815.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. S. Russo and C. J. Bruce
Supplementary Eye Field: Representation of Saccades and Relationship Between Neural Response Fields and Elicited Eye Movements
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 2605 - 2621.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
T. Blekher, E. Siemers, L. A. Abel, and R. D. Yee
Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease: Before and After Pallidotomy
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2000; 41(8): 2177 - 2183.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
O. Hikosaka, Y. Takikawa, and R. Kawagoe
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2000; 80(3): 953 - 978.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Handel and P. W. Glimcher
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2000; 83(5): 3042 - 3048.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. A. Sommer and R. H. Wurtz
Composition and Topographic Organization of Signals Sent From the Frontal Eye Field to the Superior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 1979 - 2001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
D. M. Waitzman, V. L. Silakov, S. DePalma-Bowles, and A. S. Ayers
Effects of Reversible Inactivation of the Primate Mesencephalic Reticular Formation. I. Hypermetric Goal-Directed Saccades
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 2260 - 2284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Handel and P. W. Glimcher
Quantitative Analysis of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Activity During a Visually Guided Saccade Task
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1999; 82(6): 3458 - 3475.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
N. A. Hessler and A. J. Doupe
Singing-Related Neural Activity in a Dorsal Forebrain-Basal Ganglia Circuit of Adult Zebra Finches
J. Neurosci., December 1, 1999; 19(23): 10461 - 10481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H. Aizawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Yamamoto, and T. Isa
Injection of Nicotine Into the Superior Colliculus Facilitates Occurrence of Express Saccades in Monkeys
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1999; 82(3): 1642 - 1646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Quaia, P. Lefevre, and L. M. Optican
Model of the Control of Saccades by Superior Colliculus and Cerebellum
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 999 - 1018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. C. Dias and M. A. Segraves
Muscimol-Induced Inactivation of Monkey Frontal Eye Field: Effects on Visually and Memory-Guided Saccades
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1999; 81(5): 2191 - 2214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C.-S. R. Li, P. Mazzoni, and R. A. Andersen
Effect of Reversible Inactivation of Macaque Lateral Intraparietal Area on Visual and Memory Saccades
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1827 - 1838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. Averbuch-Heller, J. S. Stahl, M. L. Hlavin, and R. J. Leigh
Square-wave jerks induced by pallidotomy in parkinsonian patients
Neurology, January 1, 1999; 52(1): 185 - 185.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. A. Sommer and R. H. Wurtz
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Orthodromically Activated From the Superior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 3331 - 3335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. Isa, T. Endo, and Y. Saito
The Visuo-Motor Pathway in the Local Circuit of the Rat Superior Colliculus
J. Neurosci., October 15, 1998; 18(20): 8496 - 8504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H. Aizawa and R. H. Wurtz
Reversible Inactivation of Monkey Superior Colliculus. I. Curvature of Saccadic Trajectory
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1998; 79(4): 2082 - 2096.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Quaia, H. Aizawa, L. M. Optican, and R. H. Wurtz
Reversible Inactivation of Monkey Superior Colliculus. II. Maps of Saccadic Deficits
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1998; 79(4): 2097 - 2110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. C. Dorris, M. Pare, and D. P. Munoz
Neuronal Activity in Monkey Superior Colliculus Related to the Initiation of Saccadic Eye Movements
J. Neurosci., November 1, 1997; 17(21): 8566 - 8579.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Quaia and L. M. Optican
Model With Distributed Vectorial Premotor Bursters Accounts for the Component Stretching of Oblique Saccades
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1997; 78(2): 1120 - 1134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Learn. Mem.Home page
D J Krupa and R F Thompson
Reversible inactivation of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus completely prevents acquisition of the classically conditioned eye-blink response.
Learn. Mem., January 1, 1997; 3(6): 545 - 556.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
R. P. Kalesnykas and D. L. Sparks
{blacksquare} REVIEW : The Primate Superior Colliculus and the Control of Saccadic Eye Movements
Neuroscientist, September 1, 1996; 2(5): 284 - 292.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
A. van Opstal, K Hepp, B. Hess, D Straumann, and V Henn
Two- rather than three-dimensional representation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus
Science, May 31, 1991; 252(5010): 1313 - 1315.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J Child NeurolHome page
C.L. Colby
The Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Attention
J Child Neurol, January 1, 1991; 6(1_suppl): S90 - S118.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online