| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 64, Issue 2 370-380, Copyright © 1990 by APS
ARTICLES |
B. J. Richmond and L. M. Optican
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
1. Previously, we studied how picture information was processed by neurons in inferior temporal cortex. We found that responses varying in both response strength and temporal waveform carried information about briefly flashed stationary black-and-white patterns. Now, we have applied that same paradigm to the study of striate cortical neurons. 2. In this approach the responses to a set of basic black and white pictures were quantified through use of a set of basic waveforms, the principal components (extracted from all the responses of each neuron). We found that the first principal component, which corresponds to the response strength, and others, which correspond to different basic temporal activity patterns, were significantly related to the stimuli, i.e., the stimulus drove both the response strength and its temporal pattern. 3. Our previous study had shown that, when information theory was used to quantify the stimulus-response relation, inferior temporal neurons convey over twice as much information in a response code that includes temporal modulation as in a response code that includes only the response strength. This study shows that striate cortical neurons also carry twice as much information in a temporal code as in a response strength code. Thus single visual neurons at both ends of a cortical processing chain for visual pattern use a multidimensional temporal code to carry stimulus-related information. 4. These results support our multiplex-filter hypothesis, which states that single visual system neurons can be regarded as several simultaneously active parallel channels, each of which conveys independent information about the stimulus.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Marchenko and R. F. Rogers Retention of lung distension information in pump cell spike trains Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): R343 - R353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Chase and E. D. Young Spike-Timing Codes Enhance the Representation of Multiple Simultaneous Sound-Localization Cues in the Inferior Colliculus J. Neurosci., April 12, 2006; 26(15): 3889 - 3898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Winkelman and M. Frens Motor Coding in Floccular Climbing Fibers J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2342 - 2351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Guyonneau, R. VanRullen, and S. J. Thorpe Neurons Tune to the Earliest Spikes Through STDP Neural Comput., April 1, 2005; 17(4): 859 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hegde and D. C. Van Essen Temporal Dynamics of Shape Analysis in Macaque Visual Area V2 J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2004; 92(5): 3030 - 3042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Furukawa and J. C. Middlebrooks Cortical Representation of Auditory Space: Information-Bearing Features of Spike Patterns J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1749 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Fuhrmann, I. Segev, H. Markram, and M. Tsodyks Coding of Temporal Information by Activity-Dependent Synapses J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 140 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Wiener, M. W. Oram, Z. Liu, and B. J. Richmond Consistency of Encoding in Monkey Visual Cortex J. Neurosci., October 15, 2001; 21(20): 8210 - 8221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Van Rullen and S. J. Thorpe Rate Coding Versus Temporal Order Coding: What the Retinal Ganglion Cells Tell the Visual Cortex Neural Comput., June 1, 2001; 13(6): 1255 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Reich, F. Mechler, and J. D. Victor Formal and Attribute-Specific Information in Primary Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2001; 85(1): 305 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Rogers, J. D. Runyan, A. G. Vaidyanathan, and J. S. Schwaber Information Theoretic Analysis of Pulmonary Stretch Receptor Spike Trains J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2001; 85(1): 448 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Foss and J. Milton Multistability in Recurrent Neural Loops Arising From Delay J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2000; 84(2): 975 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Salinas, A. Hernandez, A. Zainos, and R. Romo Periodicity and Firing Rate As Candidate Neural Codes for the Frequency of Vibrotactile Stimuli J. Neurosci., July 15, 2000; 20(14): 5503 - 5515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Reich, F. Mechler, K. P. Purpura, and J. D. Victor Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in Primary Visual Cortex J. Neurosci., March 1, 2000; 20(5): 1964 - 1974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Wiener and B. J. Richmond Using Response Models to Estimate Channel Capacity for Neuronal Classification of Stationary Visual Stimuli Using Temporal Coding J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1999; 82(6): 2861 - 2875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Maynard, N. G. Hatsopoulos, C. L. Ojakangas, B. D. Acuna, J. N. Sanes, R. A. Normann, and J. P. Donoghue Neuronal Interactions Improve Cortical Population Coding of Movement Direction J. Neurosci., September 15, 1999; 19(18): 8083 - 8093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Oram, M. C. Wiener, R. Lestienne, and B. J. Richmond Stochastic Nature of Precisely Timed Spike Patterns in Visual System Neuronal Responses J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1999; 81(6): 3021 - 3033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Mechler, J. D. Victor, K. P. Purpura, and R. Shapley Robust Temporal Coding of Contrast by V1 Neurons for Transient But Not for Steady-State Stimuli J. Neurosci., August 15, 1998; 18(16): 6583 - 6598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Middlebrooks, L. Xu, A. C. Eddins, and D. M. Green Codes for Sound-Source Location in Nontonotopic Auditory Cortex J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 863 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zador Impact of Synaptic Unreliability on the Information Transmitted by Spiking Neurons J Neurophysiol, March 1, 1998; 79(3): 1219 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Kjaer, T. J. Gawne, J. A. Hertz, and B. J. Richmond Insensitivity of V1 Complex Cell Responses to Small Shifts in the Retinal Image of Complex Patterns J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 3187 - 3197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Debusk, E. J. Debruyn, R. K. Snider, J. F. Kabara, and A. B. Bonds Stimulus-Dependent Modulation of Spike Burst Length in Cat Striate Cortical Cells J Neurophysiol, July 1, 1997; 78(1): 199 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Mainen and T. Sejnowski Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons Science, June 9, 1995; 268(5216): 1503 - 1506. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Middlebrooks, A. Clock, L Xu, and D. Green A panoramic code for sound location by cortical neurons Science, May 6, 1994; 264(5160): 842 - 844. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. McClurkin, L. Optican, B. Richmond, and T. Gawne Concurrent processing and complexity of temporally encoded neuronal messages in visual perception Science, August 9, 1991; 253(5020): 675 - 677. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
