| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 66, Issue 3 705-718, Copyright © 1991 by APS
ARTICLES |
H. Mushiake, M. Inase and J. Tanji
Department of Physiology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
1. Single-cell activity was recorded from three different motor areas in the cerebral cortex: the primary motor cortex (MI), supplementary motor area (SMA), and premotor cortex (PM). 2. Three monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were trained to perform a sequential motor task in two different conditions. In one condition (visually triggered task, VT), they reached to and touched three pads placed in a front panel by following lights illuminated individually from behind the pads. In the other condition (internally guided task, IT), they had to remember a predetermined sequence and press the three pads without visual guidance. In a transitional phase between the two conditions, the animals learned to memorize the correct sequence. Auditory instruction signals (tones of different frequencies) told the animal which mode it was in. After the instruction signals, the animals waited for a visual signal that triggered the first movement. 3. Neuronal activity was analyzed during three defined periods: delay period, premovement period, and movement period. Statistical comparisons were made to detect differences between the two behavioral modes with respect to the activity in each period. 4. Most, if not all, of MI neurons exhibited similar activity during the delay, premovement, and movement periods, regardless of whether the sequential motor task was visually guided or internally determined. 5. More than one-half of the SMA neurons were preferentially or exclusively active in relation to IT during both the premovement (55%) and movement (65%) periods. In contrast, PM neurons were more active (55% and 64% during the premovement and movement periods) in VT. 6. During the instructed-delay period, a majority of SMA neurons exhibited preferential or exclusive relation to IT whereas the activity in PM neurons was observed equally in different modes. 7. Two types of neurons exhibiting properties of special interest were observed. Sequence-specific neurons (active in a particular sequence only) were more common in SMA, whereas transition-specific neurons (active only at the transitional phase) were more common in PM. 8. Although a strict functional dichotomy is not acceptable, these observations support a hypothesis that the SMA is more related to IT, whereas PM is more involved in VT. 9. Some indications pointing to a functional subdivision of PM are obtained.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. L. Pardo-Vazquez, V. Leboran, and C. Acuna Neural Correlates of Decisions and Their Outcomes in the Ventral Premotor Cortex J. Neurosci., November 19, 2008; 28(47): 12396 - 12408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakayama, T. Yamagata, J. Tanji, and E. Hoshi Transformation of a Virtual Action Plan into a Motor Plan in the Premotor Cortex J. Neurosci., October 8, 2008; 28(41): 10287 - 10297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Hatanaka, H. Tokuno, A. Nambu, and M. Takada Transdural Doppler Ultrasonography Monitors Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Relation to Motor Tasks Cereb Cortex, July 25, 2008; (2008) bhn129v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S. Cross, P. J. Schmitt, and S. T. Grafton Neural Substrates of Contextual Interference during Motor Learning Support a Model of Active Preparation. J. Cogn. Neurosci., November 1, 2007; 19(11): 1854 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tanaka Cognitive Signals in the Primate Motor Thalamus Predict Saccade Timing J. Neurosci., October 31, 2007; 27(44): 12109 - 12118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. T. Sun, L. M. Miller, A. A. Rao, and M. D'Esposito Functional Connectivity of Cortical Networks Involved in Bimanual Motor Sequence Learning Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2007; 17(5): 1227 - 1234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Matsuzaka, N. Picard, and P. L. Strick Skill Representation in the Primary Motor Cortex After Long-Term Practice J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1819 - 1832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Newman-Norlund, S. H. Frey, L.-A. Petitto, and S. T. Grafton Anatomical Substrates of Visual and Auditory Miniature Second-language Learning J. Cogn. Neurosci., December 1, 2006; 18(12): 1984 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nadjar, J. M. Brotchie, C. Guigoni, Q. Li, S.-B. Zhou, G.-J. Wang, P. Ravenscroft, F. Georges, A. R. Crossman, and E. Bezard Phenotype of Striatofugal Medium Spiny Neurons in Parkinsonian and Dyskinetic Nonhuman Primates: A Call for a Reappraisal of the Functional Organization of the Basal Ganglia. J. Neurosci., August 23, 2006; 26(34): 8653 - 8661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Dancause, S. Barbay, S. B. Frost, E. J. Plautz, M. Popescu, P. M. Dixon, A. M. Stowe, K. M. Friel, and R. J. Nudo Topographically Divergent and Convergent Connectivity between Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1057 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Hoshi and J. Tanji Differential Involvement of Neurons in the Dorsal and Ventral Premotor Cortex During Processing of Visual Signals for Action Planning J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3596 - 3616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Vaillancourt, M. A. Mayka, and D. M. Corcos Intermittent Visuomotor Processing in the Human Cerebellum, Parietal Cortex, and Premotor Cortex J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 922 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lehericy, E. Bardinet, L. Tremblay, P.-F. Van de Moortele, J.-B. Pochon, D. Dormont, D.-S. Kim, J. Yelnik, and K. Ugurbil Motor control in basal ganglia circuits using fMRI and brain atlas approaches Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2006; 16(2): 149 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kurata Activity Properties and Location of Neurons in the Motor Thalamus That Project to the Cortical Motor Areas in Monkeys J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 550 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ochiai, H. Mushiake, and J. Tanji Involvement of the Ventral Premotor Cortex in Controlling Image Motion of the Hand During Performance of a Target-capturing Task Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2005; 15(7): 929 - 937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Dum and P. L. Strick Frontal Lobe Inputs to the Digit Representations of the Motor Areas on the Lateral Surface of the Hemisphere J. Neurosci., February 9, 2005; 25(6): 1375 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Hoshi and J. Tanji Differential Roles of Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas: From Information Retrieval to Motor Planning and Execution J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2004; 92(6): 3482 - 3499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Isoda and J. Tanji Participation of the Primate Presupplementary Motor Area in Sequencing Multiple Saccades J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2004; 92(1): 653 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wu, K. Kansaku, and M. Hallett How Self-Initiated Memorized Movements Become Automatic: A Functional MRI Study J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1690 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ben-Shaul, R. Drori, I. Asher, E. Stark, Z. Nadasdy, and M. Abeles Neuronal Activity in Motor Cortical Areas Reflects the Sequential Context of Movement J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1748 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Kennerley, K. Sakai, and M.F.S. Rushworth Organization of Action Sequences and the Role of the Pre-SMA J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2004; 91(2): 978 - 993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Padoa-Schioppa, C.-S. R. Li, and E. Bizzi Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area of Monkeys Adapting to a New Dynamic Environment J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2004; 91(1): 449 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Isoda and J. Tanji Contrasting Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Frontal Eye Fields During Temporal Organization of Multiple Saccades J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 3054 - 3065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Vaillancourt, K. R. Thulborn, and D. M. Corcos Neural Basis for the Processes That Underlie Visually Guided and Internally Guided Force Control in Humans J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 3330 - 3340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A Boyd and C. J Winstein Impact of Explicit Information on Implicit Motor-Sequence Learning Following Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Physical Therapy, November 1, 2003; 83(11): 976 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Picard and P. L. Strick Activation of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) during Performance of Visually Guided Movements Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2003; 13(9): 977 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Taniwaki, A. Okayama, T. Yoshiura, Y. Nakamura, Y. Goto, J.-i. Kira, and S. Tobimatsu Reappraisal of the Motor Role of Basal Ganglia: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Image Study J. Neurosci., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 3432 - 3438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Raos, G. Franchi, V. Gallese, and L. Fogassi Somatotopic Organization of the Lateral Part of Area F2 (Dorsal Premotor Cortex) of the Macaque Monkey J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2003; 89(3): 1503 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Cisek, D. J. Crammond, and J. F. Kalaska Neural Activity in Primary Motor and Dorsal Premotor Cortex In Reaching Tasks With the Contralateral Versus Ipsilateral Arm J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 922 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Lee and S. Quessy Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area Related to Learning and Performance During a Sequential Visuomotor Task J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 1039 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kurata and E. Hoshi Movement-Related Neuronal Activity Reflecting the Transformation of Coordinates in the Ventral Premotor Cortex of Monkeys J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 3118 - 3132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Russo, D. A. Backus, S. Ye, and M. D. Crutcher Neural Activity in Monkey Dorsal and Ventral Cingulate Motor Areas: Comparison with the Supplementary Motor Area J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2612 - 2629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ochiai, H. Mushiake, and J. Tanji Effects of Image Motion in the Dorsal Premotor Cortex During Planning of an Arm Movement J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 2167 - 2171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. B. Averbeck, M. V. Chafee, D. A. Crowe, and A. P. Georgopoulos Parallel processing of serial movements in prefrontal cortex PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 13172 - 13177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Fujii, H. Mushiake, and J. Tanji Distribution of Eye- and Arm-Movement-Related Neuronal Activity in the SEF and in the SMA and Pre-SMA of Monkeys J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2002; 87(4): 2158 - 2166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.A. Maier, J. Armand, P.A. Kirkwood, H.-W. Yang, J.N. Davis, and R.N. Lemon Differences in the Corticospinal Projection from Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area to Macaque Upper Limb Motoneurons: An Anatomical and Electrophysiological Study Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2002; 12(3): 281 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Cisek and J. F. Kalaska Simultaneous Encoding of Multiple Potential Reach Directions in Dorsal Premotor Cortex J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 1149 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Brown, L. Redondo-Verge, J. R. Chacon, M. L. Lucas, and S. Channon Dissociation between intentional and incidental sequence learning in Huntington's disease Brain, November 1, 2001; 124(11): 2188 - 2202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-J. Boudreau, T. Brochier, M. Pare, and A. M. Smith Activity in Ventral and Dorsal Premotor Cortex in Response to Predictable Force-Pulse Perturbations in a Precision Grip Task J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2001; 86(3): 1067 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Boraud, E. Bezard, B. Bioulac, and C. E. Gross Dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesias are correlated to both firing pattern and frequency alterations of pallidal neurones in the MPTP-treated monkey Brain, March 1, 2001; 124(3): 546 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Haslinger, P. Erhard, N. Kampfe, H. Boecker, E. Rummeny, M. Schwaiger, B. Conrad, and A. O. Ceballos-Baumann Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease before and after levodopa Brain, March 1, 2001; 124(3): 558 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. I. Schubotz and D. Y. von Cramon Interval and Ordinal Properties of Sequences Are Associated with Distinct Premotor Areas Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2001; 11(3): 210 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ajemian, D. Bullock, and S. Grossberg Kinematic Coordinates In Which Motor Cortical Cells Encode Movement Direction J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 2191 - 2203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shima and J. Tanji Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas for Temporal Organization of Multiple Movements J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 2148 - 2160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. H. Jenkins, M. Jahanshahi, M. Jueptner, R. E. Passingham, and D. J. Brooks Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements: II. The effect of movement predictability on regional cerebral blood flow Brain, June 1, 2000; 123(6): 1216 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. McFarland and S. N. Haber Convergent Inputs from Thalamic Motor Nuclei and Frontal Cortical Areas to the Dorsal Striatum in the Primate J. Neurosci., May 15, 2000; 20(10): 3798 - 3813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. van Donkelaar, J. F. Stein, R. E. Passingham, and R. C. Miall Temporary Inactivation in the Primate Motor Thalamus During Visually Triggered and Internally Generated Limb Movements J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2000; 83(5): 2780 - 2790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kawashima, J. Okuda, A. Umetsu, M. Sugiura, K. Inoue, K. Suzuki, M. Tabuchi, T. Tsukiura, S. L. Narayan, T. Nagasaka, et al. Human Cerebellum Plays an Important Role in Memory-Timed Finger Movement: An fMRI Study J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2000; 83(2): 1079 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mima, N. Sadato, S. Yazawa, T. Hanakawa, H. Fukuyama, Y. Yonekura, and H. Shibasaki Brain structures related to active and passive finger movements in man Brain, October 1, 1999; 122(10): 1989 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. van Donkelaar, J. F. Stein, R. E. Passingham, and R. C. Miall Neuronal Activity in the Primate Motor Thalamus During Visually Triggered and Internally Generated Limb Movements J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 934 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakamura, K. Sakai, and O. Hikosaka Effects of Local Inactivation of Monkey Medial Frontal Cortex in Learning of Sequential Procedures J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 1063 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-P. Deiber, M. Honda, V. Ibanez, N. Sadato, and M. Hallett Mesial Motor Areas in Self-Initiated Versus Externally Triggered Movements Examined With fMRI: Effect of Movement Type and Rate J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1999; 81(6): 3065 - 3077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Kimber, C. S. Tsai, J. Semmler, B. P. Brophy, and P. D. Thompson Voluntary movement after pallidotomy in severe Parkinson's disease Brain, May 1, 1999; 122(5): 895 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kurata and E. Hoshi Reacquisition Deficits in Prism Adaptation After Muscimol Microinjection Into the Ventral Premotor Cortex of Monkeys J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1927 - 1938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-C. Wang, A. J Lees, and P. Brown Impairment of EEG desynchronisation before and during movement and its relation to bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 1999; 66(4): 442 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. F. Carpenter, A. P. Georgopoulos, and G. Pellizzer Motor Cortical Encoding of Serial Order in a Context-Recall Task Science, March 12, 1999; 283(5408): 1752 - 1757. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Catalan, K. Ishii, M. Honda, A. Samii, and M. Hallett A PET study of sequential finger movements of varying length in patients with Parkinson's disease Brain, March 1, 1999; 122(3): 483 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.T.V. Johnson, J. D. Coltz, M. C. Hagen, and T. J. Ebner Visuomotor Processing as Reflected in the Directional Discharge of Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Neurons J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1999; 81(2): 875 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Limousin, R. G. Brown, M. Jahanshahi, P. Asselman, N. P. Quinn, D. Thomas, J. A. Obeso, and J. C. Rothwell The effects of posteroventral pallidotomy on the preparation and execution of voluntary hand and arm movements in Parkinson's disease Brain, February 1, 1999; 122(2): 315 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Harrington, S. M. Rao, K. Y. Haaland, J. A. Bobholz, A. R. Mayer, J. R. Binder, and R. W. Cox Specialized Neural Systems Underlying Representations of Sequential Movements J. Cogn. Neurosci., January 1, 1999; 12(1): 56 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shima and J. Tanji Both Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas Are Crucial for the Temporal Organization of Multiple Movements J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 3247 - 3260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
