Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 67, Issue 3 775-785, Copyright © 1992 by APS

ARTICLES

Functional properties of single neurons in the face primary motor cortex of the primate. III. Relations with different directions of trained tongue protrusion

G. M. Murray and B. J. Sessle
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

1. In previous papers we presented evidence pointing to an important role for face motor cortex in the control of tongue movements. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) at many sites within face motor cortex evoked different types of tongue movement, and many neurons at these "tongue-MI" sites received intraoral mechanosensitive afferent input, and their activity was related to a tongue-protrusion task performed by a monkey. In view of the synergistic action of the various tongue muscles during tongue movement, we hypothesized that these different tongue-MI sites are recruited to effect the appropriate change in tongue shape and position during a tongue-protrusion movement. A prediction from this hypothesis is that variations in the direction of a tongue-protrusion movement should be associated with variations in the activities within the different tongue-MI efferent zones. Differences in efferent-zone activity should be reflected in differences in the firing rates of neurons that are located at these tongue-MI sites. 2. We trained two monkeys to perform a tongue-protrusion task at each of three directions. The tongue-protrusion task transducer was positioned at 0 degrees (Ts), 30 degrees to the left (Tlt), or 30 degrees to the right (Trt) from the midsagittal plane; the latter two positions were termed asymmetric tongue-protrusion task positions. Single neurons were recorded from tongue-MI during trials of tongue-protrusion task at each of two or three of the above positions. Some of the neurons were also studied during a biting task. In addition, neurons were tested for possible mechanosensitive afferent input. 3. Of the 66 neurons studied, 31 (45%) exhibited directional relations; that is, the change in firing rate between the pretrial period (PTP) and the task period for the tongue-protrusion task was significantly different for each neuron depending on the direction in which the activity of the neuron was studied. 4. The "directional" neurons exhibited a single preferred direction of firing in that the mean firing rate during one direction of tongue-protrusion task was significantly greater than for any other direction. Of the 20 neurons studied at all three directions of tongue-protrusion task, the mean firing rate of each of 18 was highest at one of the asymmetric positions, and 12 of these 18 neurons exhibited a monotonic decrease in absolute firing frequency from one asymmetric task direction to the other. 5. Thirteen of the neurons were also studied while the monkey performed the biting task. Most tongue-MI directional neurons were not related to the biting task.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. Saarinen, H. Laaksonen, T. Parviainen, and R. Salmelin Motor Cortex Dynamics in Visuomotor Production of Speech and Non-speech Mouth Movements Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2006; 16(2): 212 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Shinagawa, T. Ono, Y. Ishiwata, E. Honda, T. Sasaki, M. Taira, A. Iriki, and T. Kuroda Hemispheric Dominance of Tongue Control Depends on the Chewing-side Preference J. Dent. Res., April 1, 2003; 82(4): 278 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Yao, K. Yamamura, N. Narita, R. E. Martin, G. M. Murray, and B. J. Sessle Neuronal Activity Patterns in Primate Primary Motor Cortex Related to Trained or Semiautomatic Jaw and Tongue Movements J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2531 - 2541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Jean Brain Stem Control of Swallowing: Neuronal Network and Cellular Mechanisms Physiol Rev, April 1, 2001; 81(2): 929 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Martin, G. M. Murray, P. Kemppainen, Y. Masuda, and B. J. Sessle Functional Properties of Neurons in the Primate Tongue Primary Motor Cortex During Swallowing J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1997; 78(3): 1516 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Georgopoulos, M Taira, and A Lukashin Cognitive neurophysiology of the motor cortex Science, April 2, 1993; 260(5104): 47 - 52. [Abstract] [PDF]