JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 68: 1624-1641, 1992;
0022-3077/92 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Zee, D. S.
Right arrow Articles by Optican, L. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Zee, D. S.
Right arrow Articles by Optican, L. M.

Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 68, Issue 5 1624-1641, Copyright © 1992 by APS

ARTICLES

Saccade-vergence interactions in humans

D. S. Zee, E. J. Fitzgibbon and L. M. Optican
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

1. We recorded eye movements in four normal human subjects during refixations between targets calling for various combinations of saccades and vergence. We confirmed and extended prior observations of 1) transient changes in horizontal ocular alignment during both pure horizontal saccades (relative divergence followed by relative convergence) and pure vertical saccades (usually divergence for upward and convergence for downward saccades); 2) occasional, high-frequency (20-25 Hz), conjugate oscillations along the axis orthogonal to the main saccade; and 3) the speeding up of horizontal vergence by both horizontal and vertical saccades. 2. To interpret these findings, we developed a hypothesis for the generation of vergence to step changes in target depth, both with and without associated saccades. The essential features of this hypothesis are 1) the transient changes in horizontal ocular alignment during pure horizontal saccades reflect asymmetries in the mechanical properties of the lateral and medial rectus muscles causing adduction to lag abduction; 2) pure vergence movements in response to step changes in target depth are generated by a neural network that uses a desired change in vergence position as its input command and instantaneous vergence motor error (the difference between the desired change and the actual change in vergence) to drive vergence premoter neurons; and 3) the facilitation of horizontal vergence by saccades arises from nonlinear interactions in central premotor circuits. 3. The hypothetical network for generating pure vergence to step changes in target depth is analogous in structure to the local feedback model for the generation of saccades and has the same conceptual appeal. With the assumption of a single nonlinearity describing the relationship between a vergence motor error signal and the output of the neurons that generate promoter vergence velocity commands, this model generates pure vergence movements with peak velocity-amplitude relationships and trajectories that closely match those of experimental data. 4. Several types of models are proposed for the central, nonlinear interaction that occurs when saccades and vergence are combined. Common to all models is the idea that omnidirectional pause neurons (OPN), which are thought to gate activity for saccade burst neurons, also gate activity for saccade-related vergence. In one model we hypothesize the existence of a separate class of saccade-related vergence burst neurons, which generate premotor horizontal vergence commands but only during saccades. In a second model we hypothesize separate right eye and left eye saccadic burst neurons that receive not only conjugate, but also equal but oppositely directed vergence error signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. R. Van Horn, P. A. Sylvestre, and K. E. Cullen
The Brain Stem Saccadic Burst Generator Encodes Gaze in Three-Dimensional Space
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2008; 99(5): 2602 - 2616.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. Vernet, Q. Yang, G. Daunys, C. Orssaud, T. Eggert, and Z. Kapoula
How the Brain Obeys Hering's Law: A TMS Study of the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 230 - 237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. Wei, N. Li, S. D. Newlands, J. D. Dickman, and D. E. Angelaki
Deficits and Recovery in Visuospatial Memory During Head Motion After Bilateral Labyrinthine Lesion
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1676 - 1682.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
O. A. Coubard and Z. Kapoula
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Prevents Short-latency Saccade and Vergence: a TMS Study
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2006; 16(3): 425 - 436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Busettini and L. E. Mays
Saccade-Vergence Interactions in Macaques. I. Test of the Omnipause Multiply Model
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2295 - 2311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Busettini and L. E. Mays
Saccade-Vergence Interactions in Macaques. II. Vergence Enhancement as the Product of a Local Feedback Vergence Motor Error and a Weighted Saccadic Burst
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2312 - 2330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
N. Li, M. Wei, and D. E. Angelaki
Primate Memory Saccade Amplitude After Intervened Motion Depends on Target Distance
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 722 - 733.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. N. Kumar, Y. Han, L. F. Dell'osso, D. M. Durand, and R. J. Leigh
Directional Asymmetry During Combined Saccade-Vergence Movements
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2797 - 2808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
S. RAMAT and D. S. ZEE
Binocular Coordination in Fore/Aft Motion
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2005; 1039(1): 36 - 53.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
Z. KAPOULA, Q. YANG, O. COUBARD, G. DAUNYS, and C. ORSSAUD
Role of the Posterior Parietal Cortex in the Initiation of Saccades and Vergence: Right/Left Functional Asymmetry
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2005; 1039(1): 184 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
A. N. KUMAR, Y. H. HAN, K. LIAO, J. C. RUCKER, S. RAMAT, and R J LEIGH
Evaluating Large Saccades in Patients with Brain-Stem or Cerebellar Disorders
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2005; 1039(1): 404 - 416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
A. N. KUMAR, Y. H. HAN, K. LIAO, and R J. LEIGH
Tests of Hering- and Helmholtz-Type Models for Saccade-Vergence Interactions by Comparing Visually Guided and Memory-Guided Movements
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2005; 1039(1): 466 - 469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
H. Rambold, T. Sander, G. Neumann, and C. Helmchen
Palsy of "fast" and "slow" vergence by pontine lesions
Neurology, January 25, 2005; 64(2): 338 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
Q. Yang and Z. Kapoula
TMS over the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex Prolongs Latency of Contralateral Saccades and Convergence
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 2231 - 2239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. Busettini and L. E. Mays
Pontine Omnipause Activity During Conjugate and Disconjugate Eye Movements in Macaques
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2003; 90(6): 3838 - 3853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. M. G. Walton and L. E. Mays
Discharge of Saccade-Related Superior Colliculus Neurons During Saccades Accompanied by Vergence
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 1124 - 1139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. A. Sylvestre, J. T. L. Choi, and K. E. Cullen
Discharge Dynamics of Oculomotor Neural Integrator Neurons During Conjugate and Disjunctive Saccades and Fixation
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 739 - 754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
O. Coubard, Z. Kapoula, R. Muri, and S. Rivaud-Pechoux
Effects of TMS over the Right Prefrontal Cortex on Latency of Saccades and Convergence
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2003; 44(2): 600 - 609.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. A. Sylvestre and K. E. Cullen
Dynamics of Abducens Nucleus Neuron Discharges During Disjunctive Saccades
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 3452 - 3468.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H. Rambold, A. Sprenger, and C. Helmchen
Effects of Voluntary Blinks on Saccades, Vergence Eye Movements, and Saccade-Vergence Interactions in Humans
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2002; 88(3): 1220 - 1233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
Q. Yang, M. P. Bucci, and Z. Kapoula
The Latency of Saccades, Vergence, and Combined Eye Movements in Children and in Adults
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2002; 43(9): 2939 - 2949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. A. Frens and J. N. Van der Geest
Scleral Search Coils Influence Saccade Dynamics
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2002; 88(2): 692 - 698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
A. N. Kumar, Y. Han, S. Garbutt, and R. J. Leigh
Properties of Anticipatory Vergence Responses
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2002; 43(8): 2626 - 2632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
W. M. KING and W. ZHOU
Neural Basis of Disjunctive Eye Movements
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2002; 956(1): 273 - 283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
L. AVERBUCH-HELLER, C. GORDON, A. ZIVOTOFSKY, C. HELMCHEN, H. RAMBOLD, U. BUTTNER, J. BUTTNER-ENNEVER, and R. J. LEIGH
Small Vertical Saccades Have Normal Speeds in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2002; 956(1): 434 - 437.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
A. N. KUMAR, Y. HAN, S. RAMAT, and R. J. LEIGH
Anticipatory Saccadic-Vergence Responses in Humans
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2002; 956(1): 495 - 498.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. Ferraina, M. Pare, and R. H. Wurtz
Comparison of Cortico-Cortical and Cortico-Collicular Signals for the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 845 - 858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. A. Sylvestre, H. L. Galiana, and K. E. Cullen
Conjugate and Vergence Oscillations During Saccades and Gaze Shifts: Implications for Integrated Control of Binocular Movement
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 257 - 272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. Bhidayasiri, D.E. Riley, J.T. Somers, A.J. Lerner, J.A. Buttner-Ennever, and R.J. Leigh
Pathophysiology of slow vertical saccades in progressive supranuclear palsy
Neurology, December 11, 2001; 57(11): 2070 - 2077.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neural Comput.Home page
S. S. Patel, B.-C. Jiang, and H. Ogmen
Vergence Dynamics Predict Fixation Disparity
Neural Comput., July 1, 2001; 13(7): 1495 - 1525.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. Ferraina, M. Pare, and R. H. Wurtz
Disparity Sensitivity of Frontal Eye Field Neurons
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2000; 83(1): 625 - 629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
M VERSINO, F SIMONETTI, M G EGITTO, M CERONI, V COSI, M VERSINO, M CERONI, V COSI, and G BELTRAMI
Lateral gaze synkinesis on downward saccade attempts with paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarct
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 1999; 67(5): 696 - 697.
[Full Text]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
S. Ramat, J. T. Somers, V. E. Das, and R. J. Leigh
Conjugate Ocular Oscillations during Shifts of the Direction and Depth of Visual Fixation
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 1999; 40(8): 1681 - 1686.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
V. E. Das, L. F. Dell'Osso, and R. J. Leigh
Enhancement of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex by Prior Eye Movements
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1999; 81(6): 2884 - 2892.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
V. Chaturvedi and J. A. M. van Gisbergen
Perturbation of Combined Saccade-Vergence Movements by Microstimulation in Monkey Superior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1999; 81(5): 2279 - 2296.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. Takagi, D. S. Zee, and R. J. Tamargo
Effects of Lesions of the Oculomotor Vermis on Eye Movements in Primate: Saccades
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1998; 80(4): 1911 - 1931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
V. Chaturvedi and J. A. M. V. Gisbergen
Shared Target Selection for Combined Version-Vergence Eye Movements
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 849 - 862.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. L. Alvarez, J. L. Semmlow, and W. Yuan
Closely Spaced, Fast Dynamic Movements in Disparity Vergence
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1998; 79(1): 37 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online