Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 68, Issue 5 1859-1866, Copyright © 1992 by APS

ARTICLES

Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in reduced pallidal neuronal activity during active holding

I. Hamada and M. R. DeLong
Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.

1. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hemiballismus in primates, and to test directly the hypothesis that the subthalamopallidal projection is excitatory, we studied the effects of lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on neuronal activity in the globus pallidus (GP) of monkeys during performance of a motor behavioral task. 2. Animals were trained to position and hold a manipulandum to which torque pulses were applied, producing elbow flexion and extension. The activity of neurons in the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of GP was recorded in two monkeys during task performance before and after STN lesions. The STN was lesioned by the fiber-sparing neurotoxins ibotenic acid and/or kainic acid. 3. After lesioning, the firing rate of neurons in both segments of GP, which was measured during the period of holding before torque application, was significantly decreased in both animals. The mean of discharge rates of GPi neurons decreased (P < 0.001) from 69.8 (n = 169, SD = 21.6) to 47.4 spikes/s (n = 180, SD = 22.6) after lesioning. The mean of discharge rates of GPe neurons decreased from 63.6 spikes/s (n = 218, SD = 25.1) before lesions to 41.0 spikes/s (n = 208, SD = 18.1) after lesioning. 4. These results provide further evidence that STN gives rise to a major excitatory input to both segments of the GP and support the hypothesis that dyskinesias result from decreased GPi output.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Desmurget and R. S. Turner Testing Basal Ganglia Motor Functions Through Reversible Inactivations in the Posterior Internal Globus Pallidus J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2008; 99(3): 1057 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Wichmann and J. Soares Neuronal Firing Before and After Burst Discharges in the Monkey Basal Ganglia Is Predictably Patterned in the Normal State and Altered in Parkinsonism J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2120 - 2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Yasoshima, N. Kai, S. Yoshida, S. Shiosaka, Y. Koyama, Y. Kayama, and K. Kobayashi Subthalamic Neurons Coordinate Basal Ganglia Function through Differential Neural Pathways J. Neurosci., August 24, 2005; 25(34): 7743 - 7753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Kita, A. Nambu, K. Kaneda, Y. Tachibana, and M. Takada Role of Ionotropic Glutamatergic and GABAergic Inputs on the Firing Activity of Neurons in the External Pallidum in Awake Monkeys J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2004; 92(5): 3069 - 3084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Soares, M. A. Kliem, R. Betarbet, J. T. Greenamyre, B. Yamamoto, and T. Wichmann Role of External Pallidal Segment in Primate Parkinsonism: Comparison of the Effects of 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinsonism and Lesions of the External Pallidal Segment J. Neurosci., July 21, 2004; 24(29): 6417 - 6426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Hamani, J. A. Saint-Cyr, J. Fraser, M. Kaplitt, and A. M. Lozano The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders Brain, January 1, 2004; 127(1): 4 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Levy, P. Ashby, W. D. Hutchison, A. E. Lang, A. M. Lozano, and J. O. Dostrovsky Dependence of subthalamic nucleus oscillations on movement and dopamine in Parkinson's disease Brain, June 1, 2002; 125(6): 1196 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J-S Kim, K-S Lee, K-H Lee, Y-I Kim, B-S Kim, Y-A Chung, and S-K Chung Evidence of thalamic disinhibition in patients with hemichorea: semiquantitative analysis using SPECT J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2002; 72(3): 329 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Mukhida, K. A. Baker, D. Sadi, and I. Mendez Enhancement of Sensorimotor Behavioral Recovery in Hemiparkinsonian Rats with Intrastriatal, Intranigral, and Intrasubthalamic Nucleus Dopaminergic Transplants J. Neurosci., May 15, 2001; 21(10): 3521 - 3530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Guridi and J. A. Obeso The subthalamic nucleus, hemiballismus and Parkinson's disease: reappraisal of a neurosurgical dogma Brain, January 1, 2001; 124(1): 5 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A Munchau, D Mathen, T Cox, N P Quinn, C D Marsden, and K P Bhatia Unilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: report of four patients presenting with focal or segmental dystonia J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2000; 69(4): 494 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nambu, H. Tokuno, I. Hamada, H. Kita, M. Imanishi, T. Akazawa, Y. Ikeuchi, and N. Hasegawa Excitatory Cortical Inputs to Pallidal Neurons Via the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Monkey J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2000; 84(1): 289 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Wichmann, J. L. Vitek, and M. R. DeLong Parkinson's Disease and the Basal Ganglia: Lessons from the Laboratory and from Neurosurgery Neuroscientist, July 1, 1995; 1(4): 236 - 244. [Abstract] [PDF]