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J Neurophysiol 72: 507-520, 1994;
0022-3077/94 $5.00
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Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 72, Issue 2 507-520, Copyright © 1994 by APS

ARTICLES

The primate subthalamic nucleus. II. Neuronal activity in the MPTP model of parkinsonism

H. Bergman, T. Wichmann, B. Karmon and M. R. DeLong
Department of Physiology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

1. The neuronal mechanisms underlying the major motor signs of Parkinson's disease were studied in the basal ganglia of parkinsonian monkeys. Three African green monkeys were systemically treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) until parkinsonian signs, including akinesia, rigidity, and a prominent 4- to 8-Hz tremor, appeared. The activity of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) was recorded before (STN, n = 220 cells; GPi, n = 175 cells) and after MPTP treatment (STN, n = 326 cells; GPi, n = 154 cells). 2. In STN the spontaneous firing rate was significantly increased from 19 +/- 10 (SD) spikes/s before to 26 +/- 15 spikes/s after MPTP treatment. Division of STN neurons recorded after MPTP treatment into cells with rhythmic bursts of discharge occurring at 4-8 Hz (as defined by autocorrelation analysis) and neurons without 4- to 8-Hz periodic activity revealed an even more prominent increase in the firing rate of the 4- to 8-Hz oscillatory neurons. 3. In GPi overall changes in the average firing rate of cells were inconsistent between different animals and behavioral states. However, the average firing rate of the subpopulation of neurons with 4- to 8-Hz periodic oscillatory activity after treatment with MPTP was significantly increased over that of all neurons before MPTP treatment (from 53 to 76 spikes/s, averaged across monkeys). 4. In the normal state the percentage of neurons with burst discharges (as defined by autocorrelation analysis) was 69% and 78% in STN and GPi, respectively. After MPTP treatment the percentage of cells that discharged in bursts was increased to 79% and 89%, respectively. At the same time the average burst duration decreased (from 121 +/- 98 to 81 +/- 99 ms in STN and from 213 +/- 120 to 146 +/- 134 ms in GPi) with no significant change in the average number of spikes per burst. 5. Periodic oscillatory neuronal activity at low frequency, highly correlated with tremor, was detected in a large number of cells in STN and GPi after MPTP treatment (average oscillation frequency 6.0 and 5.1 Hz, respectively). The autocorrelograms of spike trains of these neurons confirm that the periodic oscillatory activity was very stable. The percentage of cells with 4- to 8-Hz periodic activity significantly increased from 2% to 16% in STN and from 0.6% to 25% in GPi with the MPTP treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


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C. W. Olanow
Present and future directions in the management of motor complications in patients with advanced PD
Neurology, September 23, 2003; 61(90063): S24 - 33.
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N. E. Hallworth, C. J. Wilson, and M. D. Bevan
Apamin-Sensitive Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, through their Selective Coupling to Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, Are Critical Determinants of the Precision, Pace, and Pattern of Action Potential Generation in Rat Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons In Vitro
J. Neurosci., August 20, 2003; 23(20): 7525 - 7542.
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Y. Chudasama, C. Baunez, and T. W. Robbins
Functional Disconnection of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Subthalamic Nucleus in Attentional Performance: Evidence for Corticosubthalamic Interaction
J. Neurosci., July 2, 2003; 23(13): 5477 - 5485.
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N. K. Patel, P. Heywood, K. O'Sullivan, R. McCarter, S. Love, and S. S. Gill
Unilateral subthalamotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Brain, May 1, 2003; 126(5): 1136 - 1145.
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I. M. Stanford
Independent Neuronal Oscillators of the Rat Globus Pallidus
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2003; 89(3): 1713 - 1717.
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T. Hashimoto, C. M. Elder, M. S. Okun, S. K. Patrick, and J. L. Vitek
Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Changes the Firing Pattern of Pallidal Neurons
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1916 - 1923.
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M. E. Anderson, N. Postupna, and M. Ruffo
Effects of High-Frequency Stimulation in the Internal Globus Pallidus on the Activity of Thalamic Neurons in the Awake Monkey
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 1150 - 1160.
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J. Baufreton, M. Garret, A. Rivera, A. de la Calle, F. Gonon, B. Dufy, B. Bioulac, and A. Taupignon
D5 (Not D1) Dopamine Receptors Potentiate Burst-Firing in Neurons of the Subthalamic Nucleus by Modulating an L-Type Calcium Conductance
J. Neurosci., February 1, 2003; 23(3): 816 - 825.
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N. Urbain, N. Rentero, D. Gervasoni, B. Renaud, and G. Chouvet
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting Pattern Does Not Solely Depend on Their GABAergic Inputs in the Anesthetic-Free Rat
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8665 - 8675.
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G. Orieux, C. Francois, J. Feger, and E. C. Hirsch
Consequences of Dopaminergic Denervation on the Metabolic Activity of the Cortical Neurons Projecting to the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Rat
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8762 - 8770.
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G. Heimer, I. Bar-Gad, J. A. Goldberg, and H. Bergman
Dopamine Replacement Therapy Reverses Abnormal Synchronization of Pallidal Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Primate Model of Parkinsonism
J. Neurosci., September 15, 2002; 22(18): 7850 - 7855.
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D. N. Ruskin, D. A. Bergstrom, and J. R. Walters
Nigrostriatal Lesion and Dopamine Agonists Affect Firing Patterns of Rodent Entopeduncular Nucleus Neurons
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2002; 88(1): 487 - 496.
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P. Salin, C. Manrique, C. Forni, and L. K.-L. Goff
High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Reverses Dopamine Denervation-Induced Cellular Defects in the Output Structures of the Basal Ganglia in the Rat
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 5137 - 5148.
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J. E. Hanson and D. Jaeger
Short-Term Plasticity Shapes the Response to Simulated Normal and Parkinsonian Input Patterns in the Globus Pallidus
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 5164 - 5172.
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 NeurologyHome page
D. Cunic, L. Roshan, F. I. Khan, A. M. Lozano, A. E. Lang, and R. Chen
Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on motor cortex excitability in Parkinson's disease
Neurology, June 11, 2002; 58(11): 1665 - 1672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. O. Dostrovsky, W. D. Hutchison, and A. M. Lozano
The Globus Pallidus, Deep Brain Stimulation, and Parkinson's Disease
Neuroscientist, June 1, 2002; 8(3): 284 - 290.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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S. Sestini, A. Scotto di Luzio, F. Ammannati, M. T. R. De Cristofaro, A. Passeri, S. Martini, and A. Pupi
Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Caused by Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease
J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 725 - 732.
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R. Levy, P. Ashby, W. D. Hutchison, A. E. Lang, A. M. Lozano, and J. O. Dostrovsky
Dependence of subthalamic nucleus oscillations on movement and dopamine in Parkinson's disease
Brain, June 1, 2002; 125(6): 1196 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BrainHome page
M. Cassidy, P. Mazzone, A. Oliviero, A. Insola, P. Tonali, V. D. Lazzaro, and P. Brown
Movement-related changes in synchronization in the human basal ganglia
Brain, June 1, 2002; 125(6): 1235 - 1246.
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J. A. Goldberg, T. Boraud, S. Maraton, S. N. Haber, E. Vaadia, and H. Bergman
Enhanced Synchrony among Primary Motor Cortex Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease
J. Neurosci., June 1, 2002; 22(11): 4639 - 4653.
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M. S. Turner, L. Mignon, and T. C. Napier
Alterations in Responses of Ventral Pallidal Neurons to Excitatory Amino Acids after Long-Term Dopamine Depletion
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2002; 301(1): 371 - 381.
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R. Levy, W. D. Hutchison, A. M. Lozano, and J. O. Dostrovsky
Synchronized Neuronal Discharge in the Basal Ganglia of Parkinsonian Patients Is Limited to Oscillatory Activity
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2855 - 2861.
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D. Terman, J. E. Rubin, A. C. Yew, and C. J. Wilson
Activity Patterns in a Model for the Subthalamopallidal Network of the Basal Ganglia
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2963 - 2976.
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M. D. Bevan, P. J. Magill, N. E. Hallworth, J. P. Bolam, and C. J. Wilson
Regulation of the Timing and Pattern of Action Potential Generation in Rat Subthalamic Neurons In Vitro by GABA-A IPSPs
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1348 - 1362.
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B. L. Waszczak, L. P. Martin, H. E. Finlay, N. Zahr, and J. R. Stellar
Effects of Individual and Concurrent Stimulation of Striatal D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors on Electrophysiological and Behavioral Output from Rat Basal Ganglia
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2002; 300(3): 850 - 861.
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W. S. Cobb and E. D. Abercrombie
Distinct Roles for Nigral GABA and Glutamate Receptors in the Regulation of Dendritic Dopamine Release under Normal Conditions and in Response to Systemic Haloperidol
J. Neurosci., February 15, 2002; 22(4): 1407 - 1413.
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T. Wichmann, M. A. Kliem, and J. Soares
Slow Oscillatory Discharge in the Primate Basal Ganglia
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 1145 - 1148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
C. W. Olanow
The role of dopamine agonists in the treatment of early Parkinson's disease
Neurology, February 1, 2002; 58(90001): S33 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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M M Lanotte, M Rizzone, B Bergamasco, G Faccani, A Melcarne, and L Lopiano
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: anatomical, neurophysiological, and outcome correlations with the effects of stimulation
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2002; 72(1): 53 - 58.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BrainHome page
L. Timmermann, J. Gross, M. Dirks, J. Volkmann, H.-J. Freund, and A. Schnitzler
The cerebral oscillatory network of parkinsonian resting tremor
Brain, January 1, 2002; 126(1): 199 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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