| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 74, Issue 3 1109-1117, Copyright © 1995 by APS
ARTICLES |
K. C. Cowley and B. J. Schmidt
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
1. The role of inhibitory amino acid transmission in the coordination and generation of rhythmic motor activity was examined with the use of an in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord preparation. Before adding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine receptor agonists and antagonists, rhythmic motor activity was induced by bath application of acetylcholine (ACh), N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), or serotonin (5-HT) while monitoring bilateral ankle flexor and extensor electroneurograms (ENGs). The timing of rhythmic flexor and extensor discharge was consistent with that seen during overground locomotion in 27% of 84 bath applications of these substances (n = 65 preparations). 2. Subsequent addition of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, or glycine, abolished rhythmic activity in 95% of the tested applications. 3. GABAB receptor blockade did not disrupt alternating patterns of ENG discharge. However, addition of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, or the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine, transformed alternating flexor-extensor and left-right activity into patterns characterized by bilaterally synchronous rhythmic activation of all hindlimb ENGs. The onset of individual ENG bursts was more abrupt following bicuculline or strychnine. Strychnine also synchronized high-frequency (4-8 Hz) packets of rhythmic discharge within ENG bursts. 4. Some preparations developed synchronous, but unstable, rhythmic activity in the presence of bicuculline or strychnine alone. However, NMA, 5-HT, or ACh was usually required in addition to these antagonists to promote sustained rhythmic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Liu, T. Akay, P. B. Hedlund, K. G. Pearson, and L. M. Jordan Spinal 5-HT7 Receptors Are Critical for Alternating Activity During Locomotion: In Vitro Neonatal and In Vivo Adult Studies Using 5-HT7 Receptor Knockout Mice J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2009; 102(1): 337 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bonnot, N. Chub, A. Pujala, and M. J. O'Donovan Excitatory Actions of Ventral Root Stimulation During Network Activity Generated by the Disinhibited Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2009; 101(6): 2995 - 3011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Crone, G. Zhong, R. Harris-Warrick, and K. Sharma In Mice Lacking V2a Interneurons, Gait Depends on Speed of Locomotion J. Neurosci., May 27, 2009; 29(21): 7098 - 7109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Cowley, E. Zaporozhets, R. A. Joundi, and B. J. Schmidt Contribution of Commissural Projections to Bulbospinal Activation of Locomotion in the In Vitro Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2009; 101(3): 1171 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Biro, R. H. Hill, and S. Grillner The Activity of Spinal Commissural Interneurons During Fictive Locomotion in the Lamprey J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2008; 100(2): 716 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Samara and S. N. Currie Location of Spinal Cord Pathways That Control Hindlimb Movement Amplitude and Interlimb Coordination During Voluntary Swimming in Turtles J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2008; 99(4): 1953 - 1968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Cowley, E. Zaporozhets, and B. J. Schmidt Propriospinal neurons are sufficient for bulbospinal transmission of the locomotor command signal in the neonatal rat spinal cord J. Physiol., March 15, 2008; 586(6): 1623 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Gabriel, R. Mahmood, A. M. Walter, A. Kyriakatos, G. Hauptmann, R. L. Calabrese, and A. El Manira Locomotor Pattern in the Adult Zebrafish Spinal Cord In Vitro J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2008; 99(1): 37 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Rybak, N. A. Shevtsova, M. Lafreniere-Roula, and D. A. McCrea Modelling spinal circuitry involved in locomotor pattern generation: insights from deletions during fictive locomotion J. Physiol., December 1, 2006; 577(2): 617 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Zaporozhets, K. C. Cowley, and B. J. Schmidt Propriospinal neurons contribute to bulbospinal transmission of the locomotor command signal in the neonatal rat spinal cord J. Physiol., April 15, 2006; 572(2): 443 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Duysens, D. McCrea, and M. Lafreniere-Roula How deletions in a model could help explain deletions in the laboratory J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2006; 95(1): 562 - 565. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Cowley, E. Zaporozhets, J. N. MacLean, and B. J. Schmidt Is NMDA Receptor Activation Essential for the Production of Locomotor-Like Activity in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord? J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2005; 94(6): 3805 - 3814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Shay, M. Sawchuk, D. W. Machacek, and S. Hochman Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptors Induce a Long-Lasting Facilitation of Spinal Reflexes Independent of Ionotropic Receptor Activity J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2867 - 2877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Jackson, D. F. Horinek, M. R. Boyd, and A. D. McClellan Disruption of Left-Right Reciprocal Coupling in the Spinal Cord of Larval Lamprey Abolishes Brain-Initiated Locomotor Activity J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2005; 94(3): 2031 - 2044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Christie and P. J. Whelan Monoaminergic Establishment of Rostrocaudal Gradients of Rhythmicity in the Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2005; 94(2): 1554 - 1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Juvin, J. Simmers, and D. Morin Propriospinal Circuitry Underlying Interlimb Coordination in Mammalian Quadrupedal Locomotion J. Neurosci., June 22, 2005; 25(25): 6025 - 6035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Darbon, A. Tscherter, C. Yvon, and J. Streit Role of the Electrogenic Na/K Pump in Disinhibition-Induced Bursting in Cultured Spinal Networks J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 3119 - 3129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Chen and J. B. Travers Inactivation of amino acid receptors in medullary reticular formation modulates and suppresses ingestion and rejection responses in the awake rat Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2003; 285(1): R68 - R83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Alford, E. Schwartz, and G. V. Di Prisco The Pharmacology of Vertebrate Spinal Central Pattern Generators Neuroscientist, June 1, 2003; 9(3): 217 - 228. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Cangiano and S. Grillner Fast and Slow Locomotor Burst Generation in the Hemispinal Cord of the Lamprey J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 2931 - 2942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kullander, S. J. B. Butt, J. M. Lebret, L. Lundfald, C. E. Restrepo, A. Rydstrom, R. Klein, and O. Kiehn Role of EphA4 and EphrinB3 in Local Neuronal Circuits That Control Walking Science, March 21, 2003; 299(5614): 1889 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakayama, H. Nishimaru, and N. Kudo Basis of Changes in Left-Right Coordination of Rhythmic Motor Activity during Development in the Rat Spinal Cord J. Neurosci., December 1, 2002; 22(23): 10388 - 10398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Tresch and O. Kiehn Synchronization of Motor Neurons during Locomotion in the Neonatal Rat: Predictors and Mechanisms J. Neurosci., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 9997 - 10008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Branchereau, J. Chapron, and P. Meyrand Descending 5-Hydroxytryptamine Raphe Inputs Repress the Expression of Serotonergic Neurons and Slow the Maturation of Inhibitory Systems in Mouse Embryonic Spinal Cord J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2598 - 2606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Demir, B.-X. Gao, M. B. Jackson, and L. Ziskind-Conhaim Interactions Between Multiple Rhythm Generators Produce Complex Patterns of Oscillation in the Developing Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 1094 - 1105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Marchetti and A. Nistri Neuronal Bursting Induced by NK3 Receptor Activation in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord In Vitro J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2001; 86(6): 2939 - 2950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. MacLean and B. J. Schmidt Voltage-Sensitivity of Motoneuron NMDA Receptor Channels Is Modulated by Serotonin in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2001; 86(3): 1131 - 1138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Whelan, A. Bonnot, and M. J. O'Donovan Properties of Rhythmic Activity Generated by the Isolated Spinal Cord of the Neonatal Mouse J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2000; 84(6): 2821 - 2833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Reith and K. T. Sillar Development and Role of GABAA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Potentials During Swimming in Postembryonic Xenopus laevis Tadpoles J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1999; 82(6): 3175 - 3187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Beato and A. Nistri Interaction Between Disinhibited Bursting and Fictive Locomotor Patterns in the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 2029 - 2038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Iizuka Intercostal expiratory activity in an in vitro brainstem-spinal cord-rib preparation from the neonatal rat J. Physiol., October 1, 1999; 520(1): 293 - 302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Kiehn, K. T. Sillar, O. Kjaerulff, and J. R. McDearmid Effects of Noradrenaline on Locomotor Rhythm-Generating Networks in the Isolated Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 741 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. de Leon, H. Tamaki, J. A. Hodgson, R. R. Roy, and V. R. Edgerton Hindlimb Locomotor and Postural Training Modulates Glycinergic Inhibition in the Spinal Cord of the Adult Spinal Cat J Neurophysiol, July 1, 1999; 82(1): 359 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. N. Currie and G. G. Gonsalves Reciprocal Interactions in the Turtle Hindlimb Enlargement Contribute to Scratch Rhythmogenesis J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1999; 81(6): 2977 - 2987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Green and S. R. Soffe Roles of Ascending Inhibition During Two Rhythmic Motor Patterns in Xenopus Tadpoles J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1998; 79(5): 2316 - 2328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Maclean, K. C. Cowley, and B. J. Schmidt NMDA Receptor-Mediated Oscillatory Activity in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord Is Serotonin Dependent J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1998; 79(5): 2804 - 2808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hochman and B. J. Schmidt Whole Cell Recordings of Lumbar Motoneurons During Locomotor-Like Activity in the In Vitro Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 743 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. G. Stein, M. L. McCullough, and S. N. Currie Reconstruction of Flexor/Extensor Alternation during Fictive Rostral Scratching by Two-Site Stimulation in the Spinal Turtle with a Transverse Spinal Hemisection J. Neurosci., January 1, 1998; 18(1): 467 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Kjaerulff and O. Kiehn Crossed Rhythmic Synaptic Input to Motoneurons during Selective Activation of the Contralateral Spinal Locomotor Network J. Neurosci., December 15, 1997; 17(24): 9433 - 9447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Field and P. S. G. Stein Spinal Cord Coordination of Hindlimb Movements in the Turtle: Interlimb Temporal Relationships During Bilateral Scratching and Swimming J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1997; 78(3): 1404 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bracci, M. Beato, and A. Nistri Afferent Inputs Modulate the Activity of a Rhythmic Burst Generator in the Rat Disinhibited Spinal Cord In Vitro J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1997; 77(6): 3157 - 3167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. N. Currie and S. Lee Glycinergic Inhibition Contributes to the Generation of Rostral Scratch Motor Patterns in the Turtle Spinal Cord J. Neurosci., May 1, 1997; 17(9): 3322 - 3333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Kremer and A. Lev-Tov Localization of the Spinal Network Associated With Generation of Hindlimb Locomotion in the Neonatal Rat and Organization of Its Transverse Coupling System J Neurophysiol, March 1, 1997; 77(3): 1155 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ballerini, E. Bracci, and A. Nistri Pharmacological Block of the Electrogenic Sodium Pump Disrupts Rhythmic Bursting Induced by Strychnine and Bicuculline in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1997; 77(1): 17 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Cowley and B. J. Schmidt Regional Distribution of the Locomotor Pattern-Generating Network in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1997; 77(1): 247 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bracci, L. Ballerini, and A. Nistri Localization of Rhythmogenic Networks Responsible for Spontaneous Bursts Induced by Strychnine and Bicuculline in the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord J. Neurosci., November 1, 1996; 16(21): 7063 - 7076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Kjaerulff and O. Kiehn Distribution of Networks Generating and Coordinating Locomotor Activity in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord In Vitro: A Lesion Study J. Neurosci., September 15, 1996; 16(18): 5777 - 5794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
