JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 75: 1327-1344, 1996;
0022-3077/96 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hurwitz, I.
Right arrow Articles by Susswein, A. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hurwitz, I.
Right arrow Articles by Susswein, A. J.

Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 75, Issue 4 1327-1344, Copyright © 1996 by APS

ARTICLES

B64, a newly identified central pattern generator element producing a phase switch from protraction to retraction in buccal motor programs of Aplysia californica

I. Hurwitz and A. J. Susswein
Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.

1. Buccal motor programs in Aplysia are characterized by two phases of activity, which represent protraction and retraction of the radula in intact animals. The shift from protraction to retraction is caused by synaptic activity inhibiting neurons that are active during protraction and exciting neurons that are active during retraction. 2. B64, a newly identified neuron present bilaterally in the buccal ganglia, is partially responsible for the phase shift. Stimulating a single B64 causes bilateral inhibition of neurons B31/B32 and other neurons active during protraction and cause bilateral excitation of neurons B4/B5 and other neurons active during retraction. B64 is active throughout retraction. The amplitude and waveforms of the synaptic potentials caused by firing B64 are similar, but not identical, to those seen during retraction. 3. Some of the effects of B64 on B31/B32 and on B4/B5 are monosynaptic, as shown by their maintained presence in high divalent cation seawater, which blocks polysynaptic activity. 4. A brief depolarization of B64 leads to a long-lasting depolarization and firing. The ability of B64 to respond in this way is at least partially caused by an endogenous plateau potential, as this property is still seen after synaptic transmission is blocked. 5. Hyperpolarization of B64 bilaterally and preventing the somata from firing unmasks a large excitatory postsynaptic potential in B64. This procedure does not block the shift from protraction to retraction, indicating that spiking in the B64 somata is not necessary for the phase shift. 6. The firing pattern and synaptic connections of B64 are consistent with the hypothesis that the neuron is part of a central pattern generator underlying buccal motor programs. B64 is monosynaptically inhibited by neurons that are active along with B31/B32, which are responsible for producing the protraction phase of a buccal motor program. During the later portion of the protraction phase B64 is excited. In addition, firing B64 can phase advance and phase delay buccal motor programs. 7. Regulating the firing of B64 can regulate the expression of buccal motor programs. Stimulation of B64 at frequencies of 0.5-1.0 Hz leads to complete inhibition of buccal motor programs, whereas steady-state depolarization of B64 can lead to repetitive bursts of activity.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
K. Sasaki, J. Jing, M. R. Due, and K. R. Weiss
An Input-Representing Interneuron Regulates Spike Timing and Thereby Phase Switching in a Motor Network
J. Neurosci., February 20, 2008; 28(8): 1916 - 1928.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. Hurwitz, A. Ophir, A. Korngreen, J. Koester, and A. J. Susswein
Currents Contributing to Decision Making in Neurons B31/B32 of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 814 - 830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
K. Sasaki, M. R. Due, J. Jing, and K. R. Weiss
Feeding CPG in Aplysia Directly Controls Two Distinct Outputs of a Compartmentalized Interneuron That Functions as a CPG Element
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2007; 98(6): 3796 - 3801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
B. J. Norris, A. L. Weaver, A. Wenning, P. S. Garcia, and R. L. Calabrese
A Central Pattern Generator Producing Alternative Outputs: Pattern, Strength, and Dynamics of Premotor Synaptic Input to Leech Heart Motor Neurons
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2007; 98(5): 2992 - 3005.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J.-s. Wu, M. R. Due, K. Sasaki, A. Proekt, J. Jing, and K. R. Weiss
State Dependence of Spike Timing and Neuronal Function in a Motor Pattern Generating Network
J. Neurosci., October 3, 2007; 27(40): 10818 - 10831.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. E. Serrano, C. Martinez-Rubio, and M. W. Miller
Endogenous Motor Neuron Properties Contribute to a Program-Specific Phase of Activity in the Multifunctional Feeding Central Pattern Generator of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 29 - 42.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Proekt, J. Jing, and K. R. Weiss
Multiple Contributions of an Input-Representing Neuron to the Dynamics of the Aplysia Feeding Network
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2007; 97(4): 3046 - 3056.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H.-Y. Koh and K. R. Weiss
Activity-Dependent Peptidergic Modulation of the Plateau-Generating Neuron B64 in the Feeding Network of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1862 - 1867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
D. M. Neustadter, R. L. Herman, R. F. Drushel, D. W. Chestek, and H. J. Chiel
The kinematics of multifunctionality: comparisons of biting and swallowing in Aplysia californica
J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2007; 210(2): 238 - 260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
B. J. Norris, A. L. Weaver, L. G. Morris, A. Wenning, P. A. Garcia, and R. L. Calabrese
A Central Pattern Generator Producing Alternative Outputs: Temporal Pattern of Premotor Activity
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2006; 96(1): 309 - 326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
A. Proekt, F. S. Vilim, V. Alexeeva, V. Brezina, A. Friedman, J. Jing, L. Li, Y. Zhurov, J. V. Sweedler, and K. R. Weiss
Identification of a New Neuropeptide Precursor Reveals a Novel Source of Extrinsic Modulation in the Feeding System of Aplysia
J. Neurosci., October 19, 2005; 25(42): 9637 - 9648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
Y. Zhurov, K. R. Weiss, and V. Brezina
Tight or Loose Coupling Between Components of the Feeding Neuromusculature of Aplysia?
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 531 - 549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. G. Evans, A. Romero, and E. C. Cropper
Inhibition of Afferent Transmission in the Feeding Circuitry of Aplysia: Persistence Can Be as Important as Size
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2940 - 2949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. Hurwitz, A. J. Susswein, and K. R. Weiss
Transforming Tonic Firing Into a Rhythmic Output in the Aplysia Feeding System: Presynaptic Inhibition of a Command-Like Neuron by a CPG Element
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2005; 93(2): 829 - 842.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. N. Shetreat-Klein and E. C. Cropper
Afferent-Induced Changes in Rhythmic Motor Programs in the Feeding Circuitry of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2004; 92(4): 2312 - 2322.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Jing, E. C. Cropper, I. Hurwitz, and K. R. Weiss
The Construction of Movement with Behavior-Specific and Behavior-Independent Modules
J. Neurosci., July 14, 2004; 24(28): 6315 - 6325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. G. Evans, J. Jing, A. Proekt, S. C. Rosen, and E. C. Cropper
Frequency-Dependent Regulation of Afferent Transmission in the Feeding Circuitry of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2003; 90(6): 3967 - 3977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
N. C. Dembrow, J. Jing, A. Proekt, A. Romero, F. S. Vilim, E. C. Cropper, and K. R. Weiss
A Newly Identified Buccal Interneuron Initiates and Modulates Feeding Motor Programs in Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2190 - 2204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Jing, F. S. Vilim, J.-S. Wu, J.-H. Park, and K. R. Weiss
Concerted GABAergic Actions of Aplysia Feeding Interneurons in Motor Program Specification
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2003; 23(12): 5283 - 5294.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. Hurwitz, I. Kupfermann, and K. R. Weiss
Fast Synaptic Connections From CBIs to Pattern-Generating Neurons in Aplysia: Initiation and Modification of Motor Programs
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2003; 89(4): 2120 - 2136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. G. Evans, J. Jing, S. C. Rosen, and E. C. Cropper
Regulation of Spike Initiation and Propagation in an Aplysia Sensory Neuron: Gating-In via Central Depolarization
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2003; 23(7): 2920 - 2931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
A. Katzoff, T. Ben-Gedalya, and A. J. Susswein
Nitric Oxide Is Necessary for Multiple Memory Processes after Learning That a Food Is Inedible in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., November 1, 2002; 22(21): 9581 - 9594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
D. M. Neustadter, R. F. Drushel, P. E. Crago, B. W. Adams, and H. J. Chiel
A kinematic model of swallowing in Aplysia californica based on radula/odontophore kinematics and in vivo magnetic resonance images
J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2002; 205(20): 3177 - 3206.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Jing and K. R. Weiss
Interneuronal Basis of the Generation of Related but Distinct Motor Programs in Aplysia: Implications for Current Neuronal Models of Vertebrate Intralimb Coordination
J. Neurosci., July 15, 2002; 22(14): 6228 - 6238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. J. Susswein, I. Hurwitz, R. Thorne, J. H. Byrne, and D. A. Baxter
Mechanisms Underlying Fictive Feeding in Aplysia: Coupling Between a Large Neuron With Plateau Potentials Activity and a Spiking Neuron
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2307 - 2323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
C. J. H. Elliott and A. J. Susswein
Comparative neuroethology of feeding control in molluscs
J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2002; 205(7): 877 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
D. M. Neustadter, R. F. Drushel, and H. J. Chiel
Kinematics of the buccal mass during swallowing based on magnetic resonance imaging in intact, behaving Aplysia californica
J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2002; 205(7): 939 - 958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Bull.Home page
I. M. Cooke
Reliable, Responsive Pacemaking and Pattern Generation With Minimal Cell Numbers: the Crustacean Cardiac Ganglion
Biol. Bull., April 1, 2002; 202(2): 108 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. T. Morgan, J. Jing, F. S. Vilim, and K. R. Weiss
Interneuronal and Peptidergic Control of Motor Pattern Switching in Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 49 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Jing and K. R. Weiss
Neural Mechanisms of Motor Program Switching in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., September 15, 2001; 21(18): 7349 - 7362.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. V. Orekhova, J. Jing, V. Brezina, R. A. DiCaprio, K. R. Weiss, and E. C. Cropper
Sonometric Measurements of Motor-Neuron-Evoked Movements of an Internal Feeding Structure (the Radula) in Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2001; 86(2): 1057 - 1061.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
G. Kemenes, K. Staras, and P. R. Benjamin
Multiple Types of Control by Identified Interneurons in a Sensory-Activated Rhythmic Motor Pattern
J. Neurosci., April 15, 2001; 21(8): 2903 - 2911.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Adaptive BehaviorHome page
D. Deodhar and I. Kupfermann
Studies of Neuromodulation of Oscillatory Systems in Aplysia, by Means of Genetic Algorithms
Adaptive Behavior, June 1, 2000; 8(3-4): 267 - 296.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
H. A. Lechner, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
Classical Conditioning of Feeding in Aplysia: II. Neurophysiological Correlates
J. Neurosci., May 1, 2000; 20(9): 3377 - 3386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. C. Rosen, M. W. Miller, C. G. Evans, E. C. Cropper, and I. Kupfermann
Diverse Synaptic Connections Between Peptidergic Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons and Neurons in the Feeding System of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2000; 83(3): 1605 - 1620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
D. Borovikov, C. G. Evans, J. Jing, S. C. Rosen, and E. C. Cropper
A Proprioceptive Role for an Exteroceptive Mechanoafferent Neuron in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2000; 20(5): 1990 - 2002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. A. Kabotyanski, D. A. Baxter, S. J. Cushman, and J. H. Byrne
Modulation of Fictive Feeding by Dopamine and Serotonin in Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2000; 83(1): 374 - 392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Nagahama, K. Narusuye, and H. Arai
Synaptic Modulation Contributes to Firing Pattern Generation in Jaw Motor Neurons During Rejection of Seaweed in Aplysia kurodai
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 2579 - 2589.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. Nargeot, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
In Vitro Analog of Operant Conditioning in Aplysia. I. Contingent Reinforcement Modifies the Functional Dynamics of an Identified Neuron
J. Neurosci., March 15, 1999; 19(6): 2247 - 2260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. Nargeot, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
In Vitro Analog of Operant Conditioning in Aplysia. II. Modifications of the Functional Dynamics of an Identified Neuron Contribute to Motor Pattern Selection
J. Neurosci., March 15, 1999; 19(6): 2261 - 2272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. G. Evans and E. C. Cropper
Proprioceptive Input to Feeding Motor Programs in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., October 1, 1998; 18(19): 8016 - 8031.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Learn. Mem.Home page
D. Botzer, S. Markovich, and A. J. Susswein
Multiple Memory Processes Following Training That a Food Is Inedible in Aplysia
Learn. Mem., July 1, 1998; 5(3): 204 - 219.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. Perrins and K. R. Weiss
Compartmentalization of Information Processing in an Aplysia Feeding Circuit Interneuron through Membrane Properties and Synaptic Interactions
J. Neurosci., May 15, 1998; 18(10): 3977 - 3989.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. A. Kabotyanski, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
Identification and Characterization of Catecholaminergic Neuron B65, Which Initiates and Modifies Patterned Activity in the Buccal Ganglia of Aplysia
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 605 - 621.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. Nargeot, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
Contingent-Dependent Enhancement of Rhythmic Motor Patterns: An In Vitro Analog of Operant Conditioning
J. Neurosci., November 1, 1997; 17(21): 8093 - 8105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. Hurwitz, I. Kupfermann, and A. J. Susswein
Different Roles of Neurons B63 and B34 That Are Active During the Protraction Phase of Buccal Motor Programs in Aplysia californica
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1997; 78(3): 1305 - 1319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online