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J Neurophysiol 77: 2175-2190, 1997;
0022-3077/97 $5.00
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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 77 No. 4 April 1997, pp. 2175-2190
Copyright ©1997 The American Physiological Society

Reducing Extracellular Clminus Suppresses Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Ca2+ Currents and Synaptic Transmission in Amphibian Photoreceptors

Wallace B. Thoreson1, Ron Nitzan2, and Robert F. Miller2

1 Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Gifford Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5540; and 2 Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

Thoreson, Wallace B., Ron Nitzan, and Robert F. Miller. Reducing extracellular Cl- suppresses dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptic transmission in amphibian photoreceptors. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2175-2190, 1997. A reduction in extracellular chloride suppresses light-evoked currents of second-order retinal neurons (bipolar and horizontal cells) by reducing release of glutamate from photoreceptors. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this action of reduced extracellular Cl- were studied with a combination of electrophysiological recordings from single neurons in a retinal slice preparation and image analyses of intracellular Ca2+ (Fura-2) and pH [2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester] in dissociated photoreceptors. The results show that reducing extracellular Cl- suppresses a dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ current (ICa) in photoreceptors. It is proposed that suppression of ICa results in suppression of photoreceptor neurotransmission. The suppressive effect of low Cl- on ICa is not due to antagonism by the substituting anion nor is it mediated by changes in extracellular or intracellular pH. We conclude that normal extracellular levels of Cl- are important for maintenance of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that support neurotransmission from photoreceptors. Several ideas are presented about the mechanisms by which Cl- supports photoreceptor neurotransmission and the possibility that modulations of Cl- might play a physiological role in the regulation of Ca2+ channels in photoreceptors and, hence, photoreceptor function.




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