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Section of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Carstens, E. Responses of rat spinal dorsal horn neurons to intracutaneous microinjection of histamine, capsaicin, and other irritants. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2499-2514, 1997. To investigate the spinal processing of cutaneous pruritic and algesic stimuli, single-unit recordings were made from wide-dynamic-range-type lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons in pentobarbital-sodium-anesthetized rats. Neuronal responses were recorded to mechanical and noxious thermal stimuli, as well as to microinjection (1 µl) of histamine (0.01-10% = 9 × 10
1-9 × 104 M), capsaicin (0.1% = 3.3 × 103 M), or other algesic chemicals into skin within the receptive field via intracutaneously placed needles. Most (84%) of the 89 neurons responded to intracutaneous (ic) microinjection of histamine with a brief phasic discharge followed by an afterdischarge of variable (s to min) duration. Ten minutes after ic microinjection of histamine (but not NaCl), there was a significant increase in the mean area of the low-threshold (but not high-threshold) portion of unit mechanical receptive fields. However, responses to graded pressure stimuli were not significantly affected after histamine. Responses did not exhibit significant tachyphylaxis when histamine microinjections were repeated at 5- or 10-min intervals. Unit responses significantly increased in a dose-related manner to microinjection of histamine at concentrations ranging across 4 orders of magnitude. Within 30 s after ic microinjection of the H1 antagonist cetirizine, unit responses to ic histamine delivered at the same skin site were significantly attenuated. Unit responses to histamine, as well as to noxious thermal stimulation, were significantly reduced after systemic administration of morphine (3.5 mg/kg ip) in a naloxone-reversible manner. Application of a mechanical rub, scratch, or a noxious heat stimulus during the unit's ongoing response to ic histamine produced a brief and marked excitation, often followed by a period of reduced ongoing discharge. Unit responses to histamine were markedly suppressed by electrical stimulation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Most (79%) histamine-responsive units tested also responded to ic microinjection of capsaicin. After the initial microinjection of capsaicin, subsequent responses to histamine and capsaicin microinjections were significantly reduced. Units also responded to ic ethanol (capsaicin vehicle) in a dose-related manner, and showed tachyphylaxis to repeated ic ethanol at 80% but not at 8%. The mean response to 80% ethanol was significantly smaller than to 0.1% capsaicin. All units tested also responded to topical application of mustard oil (50%) and ic serotonin (30 µg). The results are discussed in terms of theories that attempt to reconcile psychophysical and clinical observations of pain and itch sensation.
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S. M. Huang and J. M. Walker Enhancement of Spontaneous and Heat-Evoked Activity in Spinal Nociceptive Neurons by the Endovanilloid/Endocannabinoid N-Arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 1207 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. A Graham, A. M Brichta, and R. J Callister In vivo responses of mouse superficial dorsal horn neurones to both current injection and peripheral cutaneous stimulation J. Physiol., December 15, 2004; 561(3): 749 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Craig Lamina I, but not Lamina V, Spinothalamic Neurons Exhibit Responses That Correspond With Burning Pain J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2004; 92(4): 2604 - 2609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Simone, X. Zhang, J. Li, J.-M. Zhang, C. N. Honda, R. H. LaMotte, and G. J. Giesler Jr. Comparison of Responses of Primate Spinothalamic Tract Neurons to Pruritic and Algogenic Stimuli J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2004; 91(1): 213 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Nojima, C. T. Simons, J. M. Cuellar, M. I. Carstens, J. A. Moore, and E. Carstens Opioid Modulation of Scratching and Spinal c-fos Expression Evoked by Intradermal Serotonin J. Neurosci., November 26, 2003; 23(34): 10784 - 10790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Sawynok Topical and Peripherally Acting Analgesics Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2003; 55(1): 1 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Andrew and A D Craig Quantitative responses of spinothalamic lamina I neurones to graded mechanical stimulation in the cat J. Physiol., December 15, 2002; 545(3): 913 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Kirchner, H. Stefan, M. Schmelz, K. M. Haslbeck, and F. Birklein Influence of vagus nerve stimulation on histamine-induced itching Neurology, July 9, 2002; 59(1): 108 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Andrew and A. D. Craig Responses of Spinothalamic Lamina I Neurons to Maintained Noxious Mechanical Stimulation in the Cat J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1889 - 1901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Jinks and E. Carstens Responses of Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons to Intradermal Serotonin and Other Irritants: Comparison With Scratching Behavior J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1280 - 1289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. B. Wilson, D. Andrew, and A. D. Craig Activation of Spinobulbar Lamina I Neurons by Static Muscle Contraction J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1641 - 1645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. T. Simons, J.-M. Dessirier, S. L. Jinks, and E. Carstens An Animal Model to Assess Aversion to Intra-oral Capsaicin: Increased Threshold in Mice Lacking Substance P Chem Senses, June 1, 2001; 26(5): 491 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-M. Dessirier, C. T. Simons, M. Sudo, S. Sudo, and E. Carstens Sensitization, Desensitization and Stimulus-Induced Recovery of Trigeminal Neuronal Responses to Oral Capsaicin and Nicotine J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 1851 - 1862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Jinks and E. Carstens Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons Identified by Intracutaneous Histamine: Chemonociceptive Responses and Modulation by Morphine J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2000; 84(2): 616 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Jinks and E. Carstens Activation of Spinal Wide Dynamic Range Neurons by Intracutaneous Microinjection of Nicotine J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1999; 82(6): 3046 - 3055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Carstens, N. Kuenzler, and H. O. Handwerker Activation of Neurons in Rat Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis by Different Irritant Chemicals Applied to Oral or Ocular Mucosa J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 465 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Jinks and E. Carstens Spinal NMDA Receptor Involvement in Expansion of Dorsal Horn Neuronal Receptive Field Area Produced by Intracutaneous Histamine J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1998; 79(4): 1613 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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