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Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
Hess, Bernhard J. M. and Dora E. Angelaki. Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. I. Spatial organization of fast phase velocity axes. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2193-2202, 1997. The spatial organization of fast phase velocity vectors of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was studied in rhesus monkeys during yaw rotations about an earth-horizontal axis that changed continuously the orientation of the head relative to gravity ("barbecue spit" rotation). In addition to a velocity component parallel to the rotation axis, fast phases also exhibited a velocity component that invariably was oriented along the momentary direction of gravity. As the head rotated through supine and prone positions, torsional components of fast phase velocity axes became prominent. Similarly, as the head rotated through left and right ear-down positions, fast phase velocity axes exhibited prominent vertical components. The larger the speed of head rotation the greater the magnitude of this fast phase component, which was collinear with gravity. The main sequence properties of VOR fast phases were independent of head position. However, peak amplitude as well as peak velocity of fast phases were both modulated as a function of head orientation, exhibiting a minimum in prone position. The results suggest that the fast phases of vestibulo-ocular reflexes not only redirect gaze and reposition the eye in the direction of head motion but also reorient the eye with respect to earth-vertical when the head moves relative to gravity. As further elaborated in the companion paper, the underlying mechanism could be described as a dynamic, gravity-dependent modulation of the coordinates of ocular rotations relative to the head.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  E. M. Klier, H. Meng, and D. E. Angelaki Three-dimensional kinematics at the level of the oculomotor plant. J. Neurosci., March 8, 2006; 26(10): 2732 - 2737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. L. Demer and R. A. Clark Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Extraocular Muscles During Static Ocular Counter-Rolling J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2005; 94(5): 3292 - 3302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Crawford, D. B. Tweed, and T. Vilis Static Ocular Counterroll Is Implemented Through the 3-D Neural Integrator J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2777 - 2784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. J.M. HESS and D. E. ANGELAKI Dynamic Modulation of Ocular Orientation during Visually Guided Saccades and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., October 1, 2003; 1004(1): 132 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J.M. Hess and D. E. Angelaki Gravity Modulates Listing's Plane Orientation During Both Pursuit and Saccades J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 1340 - 1345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Yakushin, T. Raphan, and B. Cohen Gravity-Specific Adaptation of the Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex: Dependence on Head Orientation With Regard to Gravity J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2003; 89(1): 571 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. E. Angelaki, S. D. Newlands, and J. D. Dickman Inactivation of Semicircular Canals Causes Adaptive Increases in Otolith-Driven Tilt Responses J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1635 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. E. Angelaki, M. Q. McHenry, and B. J. M. Hess Primate Translational Vestibuloocular Reflexes. I. High-Frequency Dynamics and Three-Dimensional Properties During Lateral Motion J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2000; 83(3): 1637 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Crawford, M. Z. Ceylan, E. M. Klier, and D. Guitton Three-Dimensional Eye-Head Coordination During Gaze Saccades in the Primate J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1760 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J. M. Hess and D. E. Angelaki Oculomotor Control of Primary Eye Position Discriminates Between Translation and Tilt J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1999; 81(1): 394 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Smith and J. D. Crawford Neural Control of Rotational Kinematics Within Realistic Vestibuloocular Coordinate Systems J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1998; 80(5): 2295 - 2315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. E. Angelaki Three-Dimensional Organization of Otolith-Ocular Reflexes in Rhesus Monkeys. III. Responses to Translation J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 680 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J. M. Hess and D. E. Angelaki Kinematic Principles of Primate Rotational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex II. Gravity-Dependent Modulation of Primary Eye Position J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1997; 78(4): 2203 - 2216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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