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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 2 February 1999, pp. 817-824
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
Corticofugal amplification of facilitative auditory responses of
subcortical combination-sensitive neurons in the mustached bat.
Recent studies on the bat's auditory system indicate that the
corticofugal system mediates a highly focused positive feedback to
physiologically "matched" subcortical neurons, and widespread lateral inhibition to physiologically "unmatched" subcortical neurons, to adjust and improve information processing. These findings have solved the controversy in physiological data, accumulated since
1962, of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons: inhibitory, excitatory, or both (an inhibitory effect is much more
frequent than an excitatory effect). In the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, the inferior colliculus,
medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex each have "FM-FM"
neurons, which are "combination-sensitive" and are tuned to
specific time delays (echo delays) of echo FM components from the FM
components of an emitted biosonar pulse. FM-FM neurons are more complex
in response properties than cortical neurons which primarily respond to
single tones. In the present study, we found that inactivation of the
entire FM-FM area in the cortex, including neurons both physiologically
matched and unmatched with subcortical FM-FM neurons, on the average
reduced the facilitative responses to paired FM sounds by 82% for
thalamic FM-FM neurons and by 66% for collicular FM-FM neurons. The
corticofugal influence on the facilitative responses of subcortical
combination-sensitive neurons is much larger than that on the
excitatory responses of subcortical neurons primarily responding to
single tones. Therefore we propose the hypothesis that, in general, the
processing of complex sounds by combination-sensitive neurons more
heavily depends on the corticofugal system than that by single-tone
sensitive neurons.
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