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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 1150-1161
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019; and
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York
at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
Solomon, Irene C.,
Norman H. Edelman, and
Judith A. Neubauer.
Patterns of phrenic motor output evoked by chemical stimulation of
neurons located in the pre-Bötzinger complex in vivo. The pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) has been proposed to
be essential for respiratory rhythm generation from work in vitro. Much
less, however, is known about its role in the generation and modulation
of respiratory rhythm in vivo. Therefore we examined whether chemical
stimulation of the in vivo pre-BötC manifests respiratory
modulation consistent with a respiratory rhythm generator. In
chloralose- or chloralose/urethan-anesthetized, vagotomized cats, we
recorded phrenic nerve discharge and arterial blood pressure in
response to chemical stimulation of neurons located in the pre-BötC with DL-homocysteic acid (DLH; 10 mM; 21 nl). In 115 of the 122 sites examined in the pre-BötC, unilateral
microinjection of DLH produced an increase in phrenic nerve discharge
that was characterized by one of the following changes in cycle timing and pattern: 1) a rapid series of high-amplitude, rapid rate
of rise, short-duration bursts, 2) tonic excitation (with or
without respiratory oscillations), 3) an integration of the
first two types of responses (i.e., tonic excitation with
high-amplitude, short-duration bursts superimposed), or 4)
augmented bursts in the phrenic neurogram (i.e., eupneic breath ending
with a high-amplitude, short-duration burst). In 107 of these sites,
the phrenic neurogram response was accompanied by an increase or
decrease (
10 mmHg) in arterial blood pressure. Thus increases in
respiratory burst frequency and production of tonic discharge of
inspiratory output, both of which have been seen in vitro, as well as
modulation of burst pattern can be produced by local perturbations of
excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the pre-BötC in vivo.
These findings are consistent with the proposed role of this region as
the locus for respiratory rhythm generation.
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