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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 1284-1295
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
Phillips, James O.,
Leo Ling, and
Albert
F. Fuchs.
Action of the brain stem saccade generator during horizontal gaze
shifts. I. Discharge patterns of omnidirectional pause neurons. Omnidirectional pause neurons (OPNs) pause for the duration of a saccade in all directions because they are part of the neural mechanism that controls saccade duration. In the natural situation, however, large saccades are accompanied by head movements to produce rapid gaze shifts. To determine whether OPNs are part of the mechanism that controls the whole gaze shift rather than the eye saccade alone,
we monitored the activity of 44 OPNs that paused for rightward and
leftward gaze shifts but otherwise discharged at relatively constant
average rates. Pause duration was well correlated with the duration of
either eye or gaze movement but poorly correlated with the duration of
head movement. The time of pause onset was aligned tightly with the
onset of either eye or gaze movement but only loosely aligned with the
onset of head movement. These data suggest that the OPN pause does not
encode the duration of head movement. Further, the end of the OPN pause
was often better aligned with the end of the eye movement than with the
end of the gaze movement for individual gaze shifts. For most gaze
shifts, the eye component ended with an immediate counterrotation owing to the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR), and gaze ended at variable times
thereafter. In those gaze shifts where eye counterrotation was delayed,
the end of the pause also was delayed. Taken together, these data
suggest that the end of the pause influences the onset of eye
counterrotation, not the end of the gaze shift. We suggest that OPN
neurons act to control only that portion of the gaze movement that is
commanded by the eye burst generator. This command is expressed by
driving the saccadic eye movement directly and also by suppressing VOR
eye counterrotation. Because gaze end is less well correlated with
pause end and often occurs well after counterrotation onset, we
conclude that elements of the burst generator typically are not active
till gaze end, and that gaze end is determined by another mechanism
independent of the OPNs.
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