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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 1355-1364
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Faculty of Design, Engineering and Production, Delft University of Technology, NL-2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands
van Beers, Robert J.,
Anne C. Sittig, and
Jan J. Denier van der Gon.
Integration of proprioceptive and visual position-information: an
experimentally supported model. To localize one's hand, i.e.,
to find out its position with respect to the body, humans may use
proprioceptive information or visual information or both. It is still
not known how the CNS combines simultaneous proprioceptive and visual
information. In this study, we investigate in what position in a
horizontal plane a hand is localized on the basis of simultaneous
proprioceptive and visual information and compare this to the positions
in which it is localized on the basis of proprioception only and vision
only. Seated at a table, subjects matched target positions on the table
top with their unseen left hand under the table. The experiment
consisted of three series. In each of these series, the target
positions were presented in three conditions: by vision only, by
proprioception only, or by both vision and proprioception. In one of
the three series, the visual information was veridical. In the other
two, it was modified by prisms that displaced the visual field to the
left and to the right, respectively. The results show that the mean of
the positions indicated in the condition with both vision and
proprioception generally lies off the straight line through the means
of the other two conditions. In most cases the mean lies on the side predicted by a model describing the integration of multisensory information. According to this model, the visual information and the
proprioceptive information are weighted with direction-dependent weights, the weights being related to the direction-dependent precision
of the information in such a way that the available information is used
very efficiently. Because the proposed model also can explain the
unexpectedly small sizes of the variable errors in the localization of
a seen hand that were reported earlier, there is strong evidence to
support this model. The results imply that the CNS has knowledge about
the direction-dependent precision of the proprioceptive and visual information.
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