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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 1404-1411
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and 2Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108, Japan
Pozzo-Miller, Lucas D.,
Takafumi Inoue, and
Diane Dieuliis Murphy.
Estradiol increases spine density and NMDA-dependent Ca2+
transients in spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons from hippocampal slices. To investigate the physiological consequences of the increase in spine density induced by estradiol in pyramidal neurons of the
hippocampus, we performed simultaneous whole cell recordings and
Ca2+ imaging in CA1 neuron spines and dendrites in
hippocampal slices. Four- to eight-days in vitro slice cultures were
exposed to 17
-estradiol (EST) for an additional 4- to 8-day period,
and spine density was assessed by confocal microscopy of DiI-labeled
CA1 pyramidal neurons. Spine density was doubled in both apical and
basal dendrites of the CA1 region in EST-treated slices; consistently,
a reduction in cell input resistance was observed in EST-treated CA1
neurons. Double immunofluorescence staining of presynaptic
(synaptophysin) and postsynaptic (
-subunit of CaMKII) proteins
showed an increase in synaptic density after EST treatment. The slopes
of the input/output curves of both
-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) postsynaptic
currents were steeper in EST-treated CA1 neurons, consistent with the
observed increase in synapse density. To characterize NMDA-dependent
synaptic currents and dendritic Ca2+ transients during
Schaffer collaterals stimulation, neurons were maintained at +40 mV in
the presence of nimodipine, picrotoxin, and
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). No differences in resting
spine or dendritic Ca2+ levels were observed between
control and EST-treated CA1 neurons. Intracellular Ca2+
transients during afferent stimulation exhibited a faster slope and
reached higher levels in spines than in adjacent dendrites. Peak
Ca2+ levels were larger in both spines and dendrites of
EST-treated CA1 neurons. Ca2+ gradients between spine heads
and dendrites during afferent stimulation were also larger in
EST-treated neurons. Both spine and dendritic Ca2+
transients during afferent stimulation were reversibly blocked by
D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D,L-APV).
The increase in spine density and the enhanced NMDA-dependent
Ca2+ signals in spines and dendrites induced by EST may
underlie a threshold reduction for induction of NMDA-dependent synaptic
plasticity in the hippocampus.
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