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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 1438-1442
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
RAPID COMMUNICATION
Department of Zoology/Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82070
Razak, K. A.,
Z. M. Fuzessery, and
T. D. Lohuis.
Single cortical neurons serve both echolocation and passive sound
localization. The pallid bat uses passive listening at low frequencies to detect and locate terrestrial prey and reserves its
high-frequency echolocation for general orientation. While hunting,
this bat must attend to both streams of information. These streams are
processed through two parallel, functionally specialized pathways that
are segregated at the level of the inferior colliculus. This report
describes functionally bimodal neurons in auditory cortex that receive
converging input from these two pathways. Each brain stem pathway
imposes its own suite of response properties on these cortical neurons.
Consequently, the neurons are bimodally tuned to low and high
frequencies, and respond selectively to both noise transients used in
prey detection, and downward frequency modulation (FM) sweeps used in
echolocation. A novel finding is that the monaural and binaural
response properties of these neurons can change as a function of the
sound presented. The majority of neurons appeared binaurally inhibited
when presented with noise but monaural or binaurally facilitated when
presented with the echolocation pulse. Consequently, their spatial
sensitivity will change, depending on whether the bat is engaged in
echolocation or passive listening. These results demonstrate that the
response properties of single cortical neurons can change with
behavioral context and suggest that they are capable of supporting more
than one behavior.
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