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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 4 April 1999, pp. 1783-1794
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
Seidemann, Eyal and
William T. Newsome.
Effect of spatial attention on the responses of area MT neurons.
This study examines the influence of spatial attention on the
responses of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) of
extrastriate cortex. Two monkeys were trained to perform a
direction-discrimination task. On each trial, two apertures of
random-dot stimuli appeared simultaneously at two spatially separated
locations; the monkeys were required to discriminate the direction of
stimulus motion at one location while ignoring the stimulus at the
other location. After extensive training, we recorded the responses of
MT neurons in two configurations: 1) Both apertures placed
"within" the neuron's receptive field (RF) and 2) one
aperture covering the RF while the other was presented at a
"remote" location. For each unit we compared the responses to
identical stimulus displays when the monkey was instructed to attend to
one or the other aperture. The responses of MT neurons were 8.7%
stronger, on average, when the monkey attended to the spatial location
that contained motion in the "preferred" direction. Attentional
effects were equal, on average, in the within RF and remote
configurations. The attentional modulations began ~300 ms after
stimulus onset, gradually increased throughout the trial, and peaked
near stimulus offset. An analysis of the neuronal responses on error
trials suggests that the monkeys failed to attend to the appropriate
spatial location on these trials. The relatively weak attentional
effects that we observed contrast strikingly with recent results of
Treue and Maunsell, who demonstrated very strong attentional
modulations (median effect >80%) in MT in a task that shares many
features with ours. Our results suggest that spatial attention alone is
not sufficient to induce strong attentional effects in MT even when two
competing motion stimuli appear within the RF of the recorded neuron.
The difference between our results and those of Treue and Maunsell
suggests that the magnitude of the attentional effects in MT may depend
critically on how attention is directed to a particular stimulus and on
the precise demands of the task.
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