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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 5 May 1999, pp. 2297-2315
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
Rho, Marie-Josée,
Sylvain Lavoie, and
Trevor Drew.
Effects of Red Nucleus Microstimulation on the Locomotor Pattern
and Timing in the Intact Cat: A Comparison With the Motor Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2297-2315, 1999.
Effects of red nucleus microstimulation on the locomotor pattern and
timing in the intact cat: a comparison with the motor cortex.
To determine the extent to which the rubrospinal tract is capable of
modifying locomotion in the intact cat, we applied microstimulation
(cathodal current, 330 Hz; pulse duration 0.2 ms; maximal current, 25 µA) to the red nucleus during locomotion. The stimuli were applied
either as short trains (33 ms) of impulses to determine the capacity of
the rubrospinal tract to modify the level of electromyographic (EMG)
activity in different flexors and extensors at different phases of the
step cycle or as long trains (200 ms) of pulses to determine the effect
of the red nucleus on cycle timing. Stimuli were also applied with the
cat at rest (33-ms train). This latter stimulation evoked short-latency
(average = 11.8-19.0 ms) facilitatory responses in all of the
physiological flexor muscles of the forelimb that were recorded;
facilitatory responses were also common in the elbow extensor, lateral
head of triceps but were rare in the physiological wrist and digit extensor, palmaris longus. Responses were still evoked in most muscles
when the current was decreased to near threshold (3-10 µA).
Stimulation during locomotion with the short trains of stimuli evoked
shorter-latency (average = 6.0-12.5 ms) facilitatory responses in
flexor muscles during the swing phase of locomotion and, except in the
case of the extensor digitorum communis, evoked substantially smaller
responses in stance. The same stimuli also evoked facilitatory responses in the extensor muscles during swing and produced more complex effects involving both facilitation and suppression in stance.
Increasing the duration of the train to 200 ms modified the amplitude
and duration of the EMG activity of both flexors and extensors but had
little significant effect on the cycle duration. In contrast, whereas
stimulation of the motor cortex with short trains of stimuli during
locomotion had very similar effects to that of the red nucleus,
increasing the train duration to 200 ms frequently produced a marked
reset of the step cycle by curtailing stance and initiating a new
period of swing. The results suggest that whereas both the motor cortex
and the red nucleus have access to the interneuronal circuits
responsible for controlling the structure of the EMG activity in the
step cycle, only the motor cortex has access to the circuits
responsible for controlling cycle timing.
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