JN Email Content Delivery
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 81: 2451-2463, 1999;
0022-3077/99 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (37)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Recktenwald, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Edgerton, V. R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Recktenwald, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Edgerton, V. R.

The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 5 May 1999, pp. 2451-2463
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society

Effects of Spaceflight on Rhesus Quadrupedal Locomotion After Return to 1G

Matthew R. Recktenwald,1 John A. Hodgson,1,2 Roland R. Roy,2 Sergey Riazanski,3 Gary E. McCall,1 Inessa Kozlovskaya,3 David A. Washburn,4 John W. Fanton,4 and V. Reggie Edgerton1,2

 1Department of Physiological Science and  2Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1527;  3Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow 123007, Russia; and  4Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006

Recktenwald, Matthew R., John A. Hodgson, Roland R. Roy, Sergey Riazanski, Gary E. McCall, Inessa Kozlovskaya, David A. Washburn, John W. Fanton, and V. Reggie Edgerton. Effects of Spaceflight on Rhesus Quadrupedal Locomotion After Return to 1G. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2451-2463, 1999.Effects of spaceflight on Rhesus quadrupedal locomotion after return to 1G. Locomotor performance, activation patterns of the soleus (Sol), medial gastrocnemius (MG), vastus lateralis (VL), and tibialis anterior (TA) and MG tendon force during quadrupedal stepping were studied in adult Rhesus before and after 14 days of either spaceflight (n = 2) or flight simulation at 1G (n = 3). Flight simulation involved duplication of the spaceflight conditions and experimental protocol in a 1G environment. Postflight, but not postsimulation, electromyographic (EMG) recordings revealed clonus-like activity in all muscles. Compared with preflight, the cycle period and burst durations of the primary extensors (Sol, MG, and VL) tended to decrease postflight. These decreases were associated with shorter steps. The flexor (TA) EMG burst duration postflight was similar to preflight, whereas the burst amplitude was elevated. Consequently, the Sol:TA and MG:TA EMG amplitude ratios were lower following flight, reflecting a "flexor bias." Together, these alterations in mean EMG amplitudes reflect differential adaptations in motor-unit recruitment patterns of flexors and extensors as well as fast and slow motor pools. Shorter cycle period and burst durations persisted throughout the 20-day postflight testing period, whereas mean EMG returned to preflight levels by 17 days postflight. Compared with presimulation, the simulation group showed slight increases in the cycle period and burst durations of all muscles. Mean EMG amplitude decreased in the Sol, increased in the MG and VL, and was unchanged in the TA. Thus adaptations observed postsimulation were different from those observed postflight, indicating that there was a response unique to the microgravity environment, i.e., the modulations in the nervous system controlling locomotion cannot merely be attributed to restriction of movement but appear to be the result of changes in the interpretation of load-related proprioceptive feedback to the nervous system. Peak MG tendon force amplitudes were approximately two times greater post- compared with preflight or presimulation. Adaptations in tendon force and EMG amplitude ratios indicate that the nervous system undergoes a reorganization of the recruitment patterns biased toward an increased recruitment of fast versus slow motor units and flexor versus extensor muscles. Combined, these data indicate that some details of the control of motor pools during locomotion are dependent on the persistence of Earth's gravitational environment.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B. C. Clark, L. C. Issac, J. L. Lane, L. A. Damron, and R. L. Hoffman
Neuromuscular plasticity during and following 3 wk of human forearm cast immobilization
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2008; 105(3): 868 - 878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
D. L. Belavy, C. A. Richardson, S. J. Wilson, D. Felsenberg, and J. Rittweger
Tonic-to-phasic shift of lumbo-pelvic muscle activity during 8 weeks of bed rest and 6-months follow up
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 48 - 54.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
R. Kalb and D. Solomon
Space Exploration, Mars, and the Nervous System
Arch Neurol, April 1, 2007; 64(4): 485 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
L. De-Doncker, M. Kasri, F. Picquet, and M. Falempin
Physiologically adaptive changes of the L5 afferent neurogram and of the rat soleus EMG activity during 14 days of hindlimb unloading and recovery
J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2005; 208(24): 4585 - 4592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
G. Courtine, R. R. Roy, J. Raven, J. Hodgson, H. Mckay, H. Yang, H. Zhong, M. H. Tuszynski, and V. R. Edgerton
Performance of locomotion and foot grasping following a unilateral thoracic corticospinal tract lesion in monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Brain, October 1, 2005; 128(10): 2338 - 2358.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. Kyparos, D. L. Feeback, C. S. Layne, D. A. Martinez, and M. S. F. Clarke
Mechanical stimulation of the plantar foot surface attenuates soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading in rats
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2005; 99(2): 739 - 746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. Courtine, R. R. Roy, J. Hodgson, H. McKay, J. Raven, H. Zhong, H. Yang, M. H. Tuszynski, and V. R. Edgerton
Kinematic and EMG Determinants in Quadrupedal Locomotion of a Non-Human Primate (Rhesus)
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2005; 93(6): 3127 - 3145.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
K. D. Walton, L. Benavides, N. Singh, and N. Hatoum
Long-term effects of microgravity on the swimming behaviour of young rats
J. Physiol., June 1, 2005; 565(2): 609 - 626.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Shinohara, Y. Yoshitake, M. Kouzaki, H. Fukuoka, and T. Fukunaga
Strength training counteracts motor performance losses during bed rest
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1485 - 1492.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
R. H. Fitts, D. R. Riley, and J. J. Widrick
Functional and structural adaptations of skeletal muscle to microgravity
J. Exp. Biol., March 11, 2002; 204(18): 3201 - 3208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
V. R. Edgerton, G. E. McCall, J. A. Hodgson, J. Gotto, C. Goulet, K. Fleischmann, and R. R. Roy
Sensorimotor adaptations to microgravity in humans
J. Exp. Biol., March 11, 2002; 204(18): 3217 - 3224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. A. Hodgson, S. Wichayanuparp, M. R. Recktenwald, R. R. Roy, G. McCall, M. K. Day, D. Washburn, J. W. Fanton, I. Kozlovskaya, and V. R. Edgerton
Circadian Force and EMG Activity in Hindlimb Muscles of Rhesus Monkeys
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2001; 86(3): 1430 - 1444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
R. H. Fitts, D. Desplanches, J. G. Romatowski, and J. J. Widrick
Spaceflight effects on single skeletal muscle fiber function in the rhesus monkey
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): R1546 - R1557.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
V. R. Edgerton and R. R. Roy
Physiology of a Microgravity Environment: Invited Review: Gravitational biology of the neuromotor systems: a perspective to the next era
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2000; 89(3): 1224 - 1231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
R. H. Fitts, D. R. Riley, and J. J. Widrick
Physiology of a Microgravity Environment Invited Review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2000; 89(2): 823 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
G. E. McCall, C. Goulet, R. R. Roy, R. E. Grindeland, G. I. Boorman, A. J. Bigbee, J. A. Hodgson, M. C. Greenisen, and V. R. Edgerton
Spaceflight suppresses exercise-induced release of bioassayable growth hormone
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 1999; 87(3): 1207 - 1212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online