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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 6 June 1999, pp. 2798-2813
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7330
Noto, Christopher T.,
Shoji Watanabe, and
Albert F. Fuchs.
Characteristics of Simian Adaptation Fields Produced by
Behavioral Changes in Saccade Size and Direction. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2798-2813, 1999.
Characteristics of adaptation fields produced by behavioral changes in
saccade size and direction. The gain of saccadic eye movements can be altered gradually by moving targets either forward or
backward during targeting saccades. If the gain of saccades to targets
of only one size is adapted, the gain change generalizes or transfers
only to saccades with similar vectors. In this study, we examined the
spatial extent of such saccadic size adaptation, i.e., the gain
adaptation field. We also attempted to adapt saccade direction by
moving the target orthogonally during the targeting saccade to document
the extent of a direction or cross-axis adaptation field. After
adaptive gain decreases of horizontal saccades to 15° target steps,
>82% of the gain reduction transferred to saccades to 25°
horizontal target steps but only ~30% transferred to saccades to
5° steps. For the horizontal component of oblique saccades to target
steps with 15° horizontal components and 10° upward or downward
vertical components, the transfer was similar at 51 and 60%,
respectively. Thus the gain decrease adaptation field was quite
asymmetric in the horizontal dimension but symmetric in the vertical
dimension. Although gain increase adaptation produced a smaller gain
change (13% increase for a 30% forward adapting target step) than did
gain decrease adaptation (20% decrease for a 30% backward adapting
target step), the spatial extent of gain transfer was quite similar. In
particular, the gain increase adaptation field displayed asymmetry in
the horizontal dimension (58% transfer to 25° saccades but only 32%
transfer to 5° saccades) and symmetry in the vertical direction (50%
transfer to the horizontal component of 10° upward and 40% transfer
to 10° downward oblique saccades). When a 5° vertical target
movement was made to occur during a saccade to a horizontal 10°
target step, a vertical component gradually appeared in saccades to
horizontal targets. More than 88% of the cross-axis change in the
vertical component produced in 10° saccades transferred to 20°
saccades but only 12% transferred to 4° saccades. The transfer was
similar to the vertical component of oblique saccades to target steps
with either 10° upward (46%) or 10° downward (46%) vertical
components. Therefore both gain and cross-axis adaptation fields have
similar spatial profiles. These profiles resemble those of movement
fields of neurons in the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus.
How those structures might participate in the adaptation process is
considered in the DISCUSSION.
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