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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 81 No. 6 June 1999, pp. 2833-2851
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Eaton-Peabody Laboratory,
Delgutte, Bertrand,
Philip X. Joris,
Ruth Y. Litovsky, and
Tom C. T. Yin.
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual-Space
Stimuli in the Cat Inferior Colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2833-2851, 1999.
Receptive fields and binaural interactions for virtual-space stimuli in
the cat inferior colliculus. Sound localization depends on
multiple acoustic cues such as interaural differences in time (ITD) and
level (ILD) and spectral features introduced by the pinnae. Although
many neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) are sensitive to the
direction of sound sources in free field, the acoustic cues underlying
this sensitivity are unknown. To approach this question, we recorded
the responses of IC cells in anesthetized cats to virtual space (VS)
stimuli synthesized by filtering noise through head-related transfer
functions measured in one cat. These stimuli not only possess
natural combinations of ITD, ILD, and spectral cues as in free field
but also allow precise control over each cue. VS receptive fields were
measured in the horizontal and median vertical planes. The vast
majority of cells were sensitive to the azimuth of VS stimuli in the
horizontal plane for low to moderate stimulus levels. Two-thirds showed
a "contra-preference" receptive field, with a vigorous response on the contralateral side of an edge azimuth. The other third of
receptive fields were tuned around a best azimuth. Although edge
azimuths of contra-preference cells had a broad distribution, best
azimuths of tuned cells were near the midline. About half the cells
tested were sensitive to the elevation of VS stimuli along the median
sagittal plane by showing either a peak or a trough at a particular
elevation. In general receptive fields for VS stimuli were similar to
those found in free-field studies of IC neurons, suggesting that VS
stimulation provided the essential cues for sound localization.
Binaural interactions for VS stimuli were studied by comparing
responses to binaural stimulation with responses to monaural
stimulation of the contralateral ear. A majority of cells showed either
purely inhibitory (BI) or mixed facilitatory/inhibitory (BF&I)
interactions. Others showed purely facilitatory (BF) or no interactions
(monaural). Binaural interactions were correlated with azimuth
sensitivity: most contra-preference cells had either BI or BF&I
interactions, whereas tuned cells were usually BF. These correlations
demonstrate the importance of binaural interactions for azimuth
sensitivity. Nevertheless most monaural cells were azimuth-sensitive,
suggesting that monaural cues also play a role. These results suggest
that the azimuth of a high-frequency sound source is coded primarily by
edges in azimuth receptive fields of a population of ILD-sensitive cells.
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