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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 1 July 1999, pp. 188-201
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics and 2Neuroscience Program, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida 33612-4799
Li, Zhongzeng,
Kendall F. Morris,
David M. Baekey,
Roger Shannon, and
Bruce G. Lindsey.
Multimodal Medullary Neurons and Correlational Linkages of the
Respiratory Network. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 188-201, 1999.
This study addresses the hypothesis that
multiple sensory systems, each capable of reflexly altering breathing,
jointly influence neurons of the brain stem respiratory network.
Carotid chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and foot pad nociceptors were
stimulated sequentially in 33 Dial-urethan-anesthetized or decerebrate
vagotomized adult cats. Neuronal impulses were monitored with
microelectrode arrays in the rostral and caudal ventral respiratory
group (VRG), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and n. raphe obscurus.
Efferent phrenic nerve activity was recorded. Spike trains of 889 neurons were analyzed with cycle-triggered histograms and tested for
respiratory-modulated firing rates. Responses to stimulus protocols
were assessed with peristimulus time and cumulative sum histograms.
Cross-correlation analysis was used to test for nonrandom temporal
relationships between spike trains. Spike-triggered averages of
efferent phrenic activity and antidromic stimulation methods provided
evidence for functional associations of bulbar neurons with phrenic
motoneurons. Spike train cross-correlograms were calculated for 6,471 pairs of neurons. Significant correlogram features were detected for 425 pairs, including 189 primary central peaks or troughs, 156 offset
peaks or troughs, and 80 pairs with multiple peaks and troughs. The
results provide evidence that correlational medullary assemblies
include neurons with overlapping memberships in groups responsive to
different sets of sensory modalities. The data suggest and support
several hypotheses concerning cooperative relationships that modulate
the respiratory motor pattern. 1) Neurons responsive to
a single tested modality promote or limit changes in firing rate of
multimodal target neurons. 2) Multimodal neurons
contribute to changes in firing rate of neurons responsive to a single
tested modality. 3) Multimodal neurons may promote
responses during stimulation of one modality and "limit" changes in
firing rates during stimulation of another sensory modality.
4) Caudal VRG inspiratory neurons have inhibitory
connections that provide negative feedback regulation of inspiratory
drive and phase duration.
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