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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 1 July 1999, pp. 260-271
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and 2Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacia & UpJohn Incorporated, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007
Herness, M. Scott and
Xiao-Dong Sun.
Characterization of Chloride Currents and Their Noradrenergic
Modulation in Rat Taste Receptor Cells. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 260-271, 1999.
Taste receptor
cells contain a heterogeneous array of voltage-dependent ion
conductances that are essential components for the transduction of
gustatory stimuli. Although mechanistic roles have been proposed for
several cationic conductances, the understanding of anionic currents is
rudimentary. This study characterizes biophysical and pharmacological
properties of chloride currents in rat posterior taste cells using
whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. Taste cells express a
heterogeneous array of chloride currents that displayed strong outward
rectification, contained both calcium-dependent and
calcium-independent components, and achieved a maximal conductance of
almost 1 nS. Reversal potentials altered predictably with changes in
chloride concentration. Currents were sensitive to inhibition by the
chloride channel pharmacological agents DIDS, SITS, and niflumic acid
but were insensitive to 9-AC. Adrenergic enhancement of chloride
currents, present in other cell types, was tested on taste cells with
the 
-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISP). ISP enhanced the
outwardly rectifying portion of the chloride current. This enhancement
was calcium dependent and was blocked by the -adrenergic antagonist
propranolol. Collectively these observations suggest that chloride
currents may participate not only in usually ascribed functions such as
stabilization of the membrane potential and volume regulation but
additionally play active modulatory roles in the transduction of
gustatory stimuli.
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