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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 1 July 1999, pp. 359-369
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Physiological Science and 2Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; and 3Department of Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kagoshima 891-23, Japan
de Leon, R. D.,
H. Tamaki,
J. A. Hodgson,
R.
R. Roy, and
V. R. Edgerton.
Hindlimb Locomotor and Postural Training Modulates Glycinergic
Inhibition in the Spinal Cord of the Adult Spinal Cat. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 359-369, 1999.
Adult
spinal cats were trained initially to perform either bipedal hindlimb
locomotion on a treadmill or full-weight-bearing hindlimb standing.
After 12 wk of training, stepping ability was tested before and after
the administration (intraperitoneal) of the glycinergic receptor
antagonist, strychnine. Spinal cats that were trained to stand after
spinalization had poor locomotor ability as reported previously, but
strychnine administration induced full-weight-bearing stepping in their
hindlimbs within 30-45 min. In the cats that were trained to step
after spinalization, full-weight-bearing stepping occurred and was
unaffected by strychnine. Each cat then was retrained to perform the
other task for 12 wk and locomotor ability was retested. The spinal
cats that were trained initially to stand recovered the ability to step
after they received 12 wk of treadmill training and strychnine was no
longer effective in facilitating their locomotion. Locomotor ability
declined in the spinal cats that were retrained to stand and strychnine
restored the ability to step to the levels that were acquired after the step-training period. Based on analyses of hindlimb muscle
electromyographic activity patterns and kinematic characteristics,
strychnine improved the consistency of the stepping and enhanced the
execution of hindlimb flexion during full-weight-bearing step cycles in
the spinal cats when they were trained to stand but not when they were
trained to step. The present findings provide evidence that 1) the neural circuits that generate full-weight-bearing
hindlimb stepping are present in the spinal cord of chronic spinal cats that can and cannot step; however, the ability of these circuits to
interpret sensory input to drive stepping is mediated at least in part
by glycinergic inhibition; and 2) these spinal circuits adapt to the specific motor task imposed, and that these adaptations may include modifications in the glycinergic pathways that provide inhibition.
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