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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 1 July 1999, pp. 370-381
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
Pearson, K. G.,
K. Fouad, and
J. E. Misiaszek.
Adaptive Changes in Motor Activity Associated With Functional
Recovery Following Muscle Denervation in Walking Cats. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 370-381, 1999.
In this
investigation we examined the changes in the pattern of activity in the
medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in walking cats following transection
of the nerves innervating synergist muscles (lateral gastrocnemius,
soleus, and plantaris). Immediately following the nerve transections,
there was a large increase in ankle flexion during early stance (from
~10 to ~30°) and a marked increase in the magnitude of the MG
bursts during stance. We attribute this increase in the magnitude of
the MG bursts to an increase in afferent feedback from the abnormally
stretched MG muscle. During the week after the nerve transections,
there was a progressive decrease in ankle yield. This improvement in
ankle function was correlated with an increase in magnitude of two
components of the MG bursts; the initial component starting during late
swing and ending ~40 ms after ground contact, and a late component
associated with stance. The time courses of the increases in the
initial and late components of the MG bursts were different. Large and significant increases in the late component occurred the day after the
nerve transections, whereas increases in the initial component occurred
more gradually. This difference in time course was reflected in the
kinematics of ankle movement. Over the first few days after the nerve
transections, improvement in ankle movement occurred primarily late in
the stance phase, and there was little change in ankle yield during
early stance. At 1 wk, however, there was a significant reduction in
ankle yield during early stance. This decreased yield was most likely
due to an increase in stiffness of the MG muscle at the time of ground
contact resulting from the increase in magnitude of the initial
component of the MG bursts. The increases in the magnitude of the
initial and late components of the MG bursts, as well as the
improvement in ankle function, depended on use of the leg. All these
changes were delayed by immobilizing the leg for 6 days in an extended
position. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying the increase in the
magnitude of the MG bursts and propose that proprioceptive signals from
the stretched MG muscles provide an error signal for rescaling the magnitude of the centrally generated initial component. Our data support the concept that proprioceptive feedback functions to scale the
magnitude of feed-forward motor commands to ensure they are appropriate
for the biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system.
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