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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 1 July 1999, pp. 416-428
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and 2Neuro-Sensory Research Center/Oregon Health Research Center, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201
McCrea, Robert A.,
Greg T. Gdowski,
Richard Boyle, and
Timothy Belton.
Firing Behavior of Vestibular Neurons During Active and Passive
Head Movements: Vestibulo-Spinal and Other Non-Eye-Movement Related
Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 416-428, 1999.
The firing behavior of 51 non-eye movement related central
vestibular neurons that were sensitive to passive head rotation in the
plane of the horizontal semicircular canal was studied in three
squirrel monkeys whose heads were free to move in the horizontal plane.
Unit sensitivity to active head movements during spontaneous gaze
saccades was compared with sensitivity to passive head rotation. Most
units (29/35 tested) were activated at monosynaptic latencies following
electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Nine were
vestibulo-spinal units that were antidromically activated following
electrical stimulation of the ventromedial funiculi of the spinal cord
at C1. All of the units were less sensitive to active head movements
than to passive whole body rotation. In the majority of cells (37/51,
73%), including all nine identified vestibulo-spinal units, the
vestibular signals related to active head movements were canceled. The
remaining units (n = 14, 27%) were sensitive to
active head movements, but their responses were attenuated by 20-75%.
Most units were nearly as sensitive to passive head-on-trunk rotation
as they were to whole body rotation; this suggests that vestibular
signals related to active head movements were cancelled primarily by
subtraction of a head movement efference copy signal. The sensitivity
of most units to passive whole body rotation was unchanged during gaze saccades. A fundamental feature of sensory processing is the ability to
distinguish between self-generated and externally induced sensory events. Our observations suggest that the distinction is made at an
early stage of processing in the vestibular system.
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