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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 2 August 1999, pp. 1063-1068
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
RAPID COMMUNICATION
1Department of Physiology,
Nakamura, Kae,
Katsuyuki Sakai, and
Okihide Hikosaka.
Effects of Local Inactivation of Monkey Medial Frontal Cortex in
Learning of Sequential Procedures. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1063-1068, 1999. To examine the role of the
medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA in
the acquisition and control of sequential movements, we locally
injected muscimol into 43 sites in the medial frontal cortex while
monkeys (n = 2) performed a sequential button-press task. In
this task, the monkey had to press two of 16 (4 × 4 matrix)
buttons illuminated simultaneously in a predetermined order. A total of
five pairs were presented in a fixed order for completion of a trial.
To clarify the differential contribution of the medial frontal cortex
for new acquisition and control of sequential movements, we used novel
and learned sequences (that had been learned after extensive practice).
We found that the number of errors increased for novel sequences, but
not for learned sequences, after pre-SMA inactivations. A similar, but
insignificant, trend was observed after SMA injections. The reaction
time of button presses for both novel and learned sequences was
prolonged by inactivations of both SMA and pre-SMA, with a trend for
the effect to be larger for SMA inactivations. These findings suggest
that the medial frontal cortex, especially pre-SMA, is related to the
acquisition, rather than the storage or execution, of the correct order
of button presses.
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