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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 2 August 1999, pp. 874-890
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Group in Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2020
Anzai, Akiyuki,
Izumi Ohzawa, and
Ralph D. Freeman.
Neural Mechanisms for Encoding Binocular Disparity: Receptive
Field Position Versus Phase. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 874-890, 1999. The visual system uses binocular
disparity to discriminate the relative depth of objects in space.
Because the striate cortex is the first site along the central visual
pathways at which signals from the left and right eyes converge onto a
single neuron, encoding of binocular disparity is thought to begin in
this region. There are two possible mechanisms for encoding binocular
disparity through simple cells in the striate cortex: a difference in
receptive field (RF) position between the two eyes (RF position
disparity) and a difference in RF profiles between the two eyes (RF
phase disparity). Although there is evidence that supports each of
these schemes, both mechanisms have not been examined in a single study to determine their relative roles. In this study, we have measured RF
position and phase disparities of individual simple cells in the cat's
striate cortex to address this issue. Using a sophisticated RF mapping
technique that employs binary m-sequences, we have obtained left and
right eye RF profiles of two or more cells recorded simultaneously. A
version of the reference-cell method was used to estimate RF position
disparity. We find that RF position disparities generally are limited
to values that are not sufficient to encode large binocular
disparities. In contrast, RF phase disparities cover a wide range of
binocular disparities and exhibit dependencies on RF orientation and
spatial frequency in a manner expected for a mechanism that encodes
binocular disparity. These results suggest that binocular disparity is
encoded mainly through RF phase disparity. However, RF position
disparity may play a significant role for cells with high spatial
frequency selectivity that are constrained to have only small RF phase disparities.
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