JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 82: 909-924, 1999;
0022-3077/99 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Anzai, A.
Right arrow Articles by Freeman, R. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Anzai, A.
Right arrow Articles by Freeman, R. D.

The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 2 August 1999, pp. 909-924
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society

Neural Mechanisms for Processing Binocular Information II. Complex Cells

Akiyuki Anzai, Izumi Ohzawa, and Ralph D. Freeman

Group in Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2020

Anzai, Akiyuki, Izumi Ohzawa, and Ralph D. Freeman. Neural Mechanisms for Processing Binocular Information II. Complex Cells. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 909-924, 1999. Complex cells in the striate cortex exhibit extensive spatiotemporal nonlinearities, presumably due to a convergence of various subunits. Because these subunits essentially determine many aspects of a complex cell receptive field (RF), such as tuning for orientation, spatial frequency, and binocular disparity, examination of the RF properties of subunits is important for understanding functional roles of complex cells. Although monocular aspects of these subunits have been studied, little is known about their binocular properties. Using a sophisticated RF mapping technique that employs binary m-sequences, we have examined binocular interactions exhibited by complex cells in the cat's striate cortex and the binocular RF properties of their underlying functional subunits. We find that binocular interaction RFs of complex cells exhibit subregions that are elongated along the frontoparallel axis at different binocular disparities. Therefore responses of complex cells are largely independent of monocular stimulus position or phase as long as the binocular disparity of the stimulus is kept constant. The binocular interaction RF is well described by a sum of binocular interaction RFs of underlying functional subunits, which exhibit simple cell-like RFs and a preference for different monocular phases but the same binocular disparity. For more than half of the complex cells examined, subunits of each cell are consistent with the characteristics specified by an energy model, with respect to the number of subunits as well as relationships between the subunit properties. Subunits exhibit RF binocular disparities that are largely consistent with a phase mechanism for encoding binocular disparity. These results indicate that binocular interactions of complex cells are derived from simple cell-like subunits, which exhibit multiplicative binocular interactions. Therefore binocular interactions of complex cells are also multiplicative. This suggests that complex cells compute something analogous to an interocular cross-correlation of images for a local region of visual space. The result of this computation can be used for solving the stereo correspondence problem.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Neural Comput.Home page
E. K. C. Tsang and B. E. Shi
Normalization Enables Robust Validation of Disparity Estimates from Neural Populations
Neural Comput., October 1, 2008; 20(10): 2464 - 2490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
L. Verhagen, H. C. Dijkerman, M. J. Grol, and I. Toni
Perceptuo-Motor Interactions during Prehension Movements
J. Neurosci., April 30, 2008; 28(18): 4726 - 4735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Duong and R. D. Freeman
Contrast Sensitivity Is Enhanced by Expansive Nonlinear Processing in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2008; 99(1): 367 - 372.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Duong and R. D. Freeman
Spatial Frequency-Specific Contrast Adaptation Originates in the Primary Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 187 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. M. Sanada and I. Ohzawa
Encoding of Three-Dimensional Surface Slant in Cat Visual Areas 17 and 18
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2006; 95(5): 2768 - 2786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
H. Nienborg, H. Bridge, A. J. Parker, and B. G. Cumming
Neuronal Computation of Disparity in V1 Limits Temporal Resolution for Detecting Disparity Modulation
J. Neurosci., November 2, 2005; 25(44): 10207 - 10219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
B. Zhang, H. Bi, E. Sakai, I. Maruko, J. Zheng, E. L. Smith III, and Y. M. Chino
Rapid plasticity of binocular connections in developing monkey visual cortex (V1)
PNAS, June 21, 2005; 102(25): 9026 - 9031.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
R. Perez, A. F. Castro, M. S. Justo, M. A. Bermudez, and F. Gonzalez
Retinal Correspondence of Monocular Receptive Fields in Disparity-Sensitive Complex Cells from Area V1 in the Awake Monkey
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2005; 46(4): 1533 - 1539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
I. Lampl, D. Ferster, T. Poggio, and M. Riesenhuber
Intracellular Measurements of Spatial Integration and the MAX Operation in Complex Cells of the Cat Primary Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2004; 92(5): 2704 - 2713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neural Comput.Home page
Y. Chen and N. Qian
A Coarse-to-Fine Disparity Energy Model with Both Phase-Shift and Position-Shift Receptive Field Mechanisms
Neural Comput., August 1, 2004; 16(8): 1545 - 1577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neural Comput.Home page
E. K. C. Tsang and B. E. Shi
A Preference for Phase-Based Disparity in a Neuromorphic Implementation of the Binocular Energy Model
Neural Comput., August 1, 2004; 16(8): 1579 - 1600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. D. Menz and R. D. Freeman
Functional Connectivity of Disparity-Tuned Neurons in the Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1794 - 1807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. C. A. Read and B. G. Cumming
Ocular Dominance Predicts Neither Strength Nor Class of Disparity Selectivity With Random-Dot Stimuli in Primate V1
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2004; 91(3): 1271 - 1281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
B. Zhang, K. Matsuura, T. Mori, J. M. Wensveen, R. S. Harwerth, E. L. Smith III, and Y. Chino
Binocular Deficits Associated With Early Alternating Monocular Defocus. II. Neurophysiological Observations
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 3012 - 3023.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. C. A. Read and B. G. Cumming
Testing Quantitative Models of Binocular Disparity Selectivity in Primary Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 2795 - 2817.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
L. M. Martinez and J.-M. Alonso
Complex Receptive Fields in Primary Visual Cortex
Neuroscientist, October 1, 2003; 9(5): 317 - 331.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
M. S. Livingstone and B. R. Conway
Substructure of Direction-Selective Receptive Fields in Macaque V1
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2003; 89(5): 2743 - 2759.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neural Comput.Home page
M. Schmitt
On the Complexity of Computing and Learning with Multiplicative Neural Networks
Neural Comput., February 1, 2002; 14(2): 241 - 301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S.J.D. Prince, A. D. Pointon, B. G. Cumming, and A. J. Parker
Quantitative Analysis of the Responses of V1 Neurons to Horizontal Disparity in Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 191 - 208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S.J.D. Prince, B. G. Cumming, and A. J. Parker
Range and Mechanism of Encoding of Horizontal Disparity in Macaque V1
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 209 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
B. T. Backus, D. J. Fleet, A. J. Parker, and D. J. Heeger
Human Cortical Activity Correlates With Stereoscopic Depth Perception
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2001; 86(4): 2054 - 2068.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
D. J. Wielaard, M. Shelley, D. McLaughlin, and R. Shapley
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the Visual Cortex
J. Neurosci., July 15, 2001; 21(14): 5203 - 5211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
Y. Chen, Y. Wang, and N. Qian
Modeling V1 Disparity Tuning to Time-Varying Stimuli
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2001; 86(1): 143 - 155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Anzai, I. Ohzawa, and R. D. Freeman
Neural Mechanisms for Encoding Binocular Disparity: Receptive Field Position Versus Phase
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 874 - 890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Anzai, I. Ohzawa, and R. D. Freeman
Neural Mechanisms for Processing Binocular Information I. Simple Cells
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 891 - 908.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online