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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 3 September 1999, pp. 1451-1464
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel;
2Schepens Eye Research Institute,
Gur, Moshe,
Alexander Beylin, and
D. Max Snodderly.
Physiological Properties of Macaque V1 Neurons are Correlated
With Extracellular Spike Amplitude, Duration, and Polarity. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1451-1464, 1999. In the
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) the large neurons of the magnocellular
layers are functionally distinct and anatomically segregated from the
small neurons of the parvocellular layers. This segregation of large
and small cells is not maintained in the primary visual cortex (V1);
instead a heterogeneous mixture of cells occurs, particularly in the
output layers. Nevertheless, our results indicate that for the middle
and upper layers of V1, cell size remains a predictor of physiological
properties. We recorded extracellularly from neurons in V1 of alert
monkeys and analyzed the amplitude, duration, and polarity of the
action potentials of 199 cells. Of 156 cells that could be assigned to
specific cortical layers, 137 (88%) were localized to the middle and
upper cortical layers, layer 4 and above. We summarize evidence that the large-amplitude spikes are discharged by large cells, whereas small-amplitude spikes are the action potentials of smaller cells. Large spikes were predominantly negative and of longer duration, whereas small spikes were predominantly positive and briefer. The
putative large cells had lower ongoing activity, smaller receptive field activating regions and higher selectivity for stimulus geometry and stimulus motion than the small cells. The contrasting properties of
the large and the small cells were illustrated dramatically in
simultaneous recordings made from adjacent cells. Our results imply
that there may be an anatomic pairing or clustering of small and large
cells that could be integral to the functional organization of the
cortex. We suggest that the small and the large cells of area V1 have
different roles, such that the small cells may shape the properties of
the large output cells. If some of the small cells are also output
cells, then cell size should be a predictor of the type of information
being sent to other brain regions. Because of their high activity and
relative ease of stimulation, the small cells also may contribute
disproportionately to in vivo images based on metabolic responses such
as changes in blood flow.
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