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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 4 October 1999, pp. 2015-2019
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
RAPID COMMUNICATION
Department of Physiology and the Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
Xi, Ming-Chu,
Francisco R. Morales, and
Michael H. Chase.
Evidence That Wakefulness and REM Sleep Are Controlled by a
GABAergic Pontine Mechanism. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 2015-2019, 1999. The pontine microinjection of the
inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and its agonist induced prolonged
periods of wakefulness in unanesthetized, chronic cats. Conversely, the
application of bicuculline, a GABAA antagonist, resulted in
the occurrence of episodes of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep of long
duration. Furthermore, administration of antisense oligonucleotides
against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA into the same
area produced a significant decrease in wakefulness and an increase in
REM sleep. Microinjections of glycine, another major inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the CNS, and its antagonist, strychnine, did not
have any effect on the behavioral states of sleep and wakefulness.
These data argue forcibly that 1) GABAergic neurons play
a pivotal role in determining the occurrence of both wakefulness and
REM sleep and 2) the functional sequelea of inhibitory
GABA actions within the pontine reticular formation are excitatory
directives and/or behaviors.
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