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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 5 November 1999, pp. 2070-2080
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Psychology,
Sawaguchi, Toshiyuki and
Itaru Yamane.
Properties of Delay-Period Neuronal Activity in the Monkey
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex During a Spatial
Delayed Matching-to-Sample Task. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 2070-2080, 1999. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(PFC) has been implicated in visuospatial memory, and its cellular
basis has been extensively studied with the delayed-response paradigm
in monkeys. However, using this paradigm, it is difficult to dissociate
neuronal activities related to visuospatial memory from those related
to motor preparation, and few studies have provided evidence for the
involvement of PFC neurons in visuospatial memory of a sensory cue,
rather than in motor preparation. To extend this finding, we
examined neuronal activities in the dorsolateral PFC while a
rhesus monkey performed a spatial delayed matching-to-sample
(SDMTS) task, which allows us to adequately access visuospatial
memory independent of any sensorimotor components. The SDMTS task
required the subject to make a lever-holding NOGO response or a
lever-releasing GO response when a visuospatial matching cue (white
spot, one of four peripheral locations, 15° in eccentricity) matched
or did not match a sample cue (physically the same as the matching cue)
that had been presented prior to a delay period (3 s). Thus, the SDMTS
task requires the subject to remember visuospatial information
regarding the sample cue location during the delay period and is
suitable for accessing visuospatial memory independent of any
sensorimotor components, such as motor preparation, for directed
movements. Of a total of 385 task-related neurons, 184 showed a
sustained increase in activity during the delay period ("delay-period
activity"). Most of these neurons (n = 165/184, 90%)
showed positional delay-period activity, i.e., delay-period activity
where the magnitude differed significantly with the position of the
sample cue. This activity appears to be involved in visuospatial memory
and to form a "memory field." To quantitatively examine the
properties of positional delay-period activity, we introduced a tuning
index (TI) and a discriminative index (DI), which represent the
sharpness of tuning and the discriminative ability, respectively, of
positional delay-period activity. Both TI and DI varied among neurons
with positional delay-period activity and were closely related to the
time from the onset of the sample cue to the onset of positional
delay-period activity; positional delay-period activity with sharper
tuning and a greater discriminative ability had a slower onset.
Furthermore, at the population level, both TI and DI were increased
during the delay period in the neuronal population with a high DI
value. These results extend previous findings to
suggest that integrative, convergent processes of neuronal activities
for increasing the accuracy of visuospatial memory may occur in the
dorsolateral PFC. Thus, a critical role of the dorsolateral PFC in
visuospatial memory may be to sharpen it to guide behaviors/decisions
requiring accurate visuospatial memory.
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