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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 5 November 1999, pp. 2676-2692
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California 92121
Moran, Daniel W. and
Andrew B. Schwartz.
Motor Cortical Representation of Speed and Direction During
Reaching. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 2676-2692, 1999. The motor cortical substrate associated with reaching was
studied as monkeys moved their hands from a central position to one of
eight targets spaced around a circle. Single-cell activity patterns
were recorded in the proximal arm area of motor cortex during the task.
In addition to the well-studied average directional selectivity
("preferred direction") of single-cell activity, we also found the
time-varying speed of movement to be represented in the cortical
activity. A single equation relating motor cortical discharge rate to
these two parameters was developed. This equation, which has both
independent (speed only) and interactive (speed and direction)
components, described a large portion of the time-varying motor
cortical activity during the task. Electromyographic activity from a
number of upper arm muscles was recorded during this task. Muscle
activity was also found to be directionally tuned; however, the
distributions of preferred directions were found to be significantly different from cortical activity. In addition, the effect of speed on
cortical and muscle activity was also found to be significantly different.
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