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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 82 No. 6 December 1999, pp. 3347-3358
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
Song, Xue-Jun,
San-Jue Hu,
Kenneth W. Greenquist,
Jun-Ming Zhang, and
Robert H. LaMotte.
Mechanical and Thermal Hyperalgesia and Ectopic Neuronal
Discharge After Chronic Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglia. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 3347-3358, 1999. Chronic
compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD) was produced in adult
rats by implanting a stainless steel rod unilaterally into the
intervertebral foramen, one rod at L4 and another at L5. Two additional groups of rats received either a sham
surgery or an acute injury consisting of a transient compression of the ganglion. Withdrawal of the hindpaw was used as evidence of a nocifensive response to mechanical and thermal stimulation of the
plantar surface. In addition, extracellular electrophysiological recordings of spontaneous discharges were obtained from dorsal root
fibers of formerly compressed ganglia using an in vitro
nerve-DRG-dorsal root preparation. The mean threshold force of punctate
indentation and the mean threshold temperature of heating required to
elicit a 50% incidence of foot withdrawal ipsilateral to the CCD were significantly lower than preoperative values throughout the 35 days of
postoperative testing. The number of foot withdrawals ipsilateral to
the CCD during a 20-min contact with a temperature-controlled floor was
significantly increased over preoperative values throughout postoperative testing when the floor was 4°C (hyperalgesia) and, to a
lesser extent, when it was 30°C (spontaneous pain). Stroking the foot
with a cotton wisp never elicited a reflex withdrawal before surgery
but did so in most rats tested ipsilateral to the CCD during the first
2 postoperative weeks. In contrast, the CCD produced no changes in
responses to mechanical or thermal stimuli on the contralateral foot.
The sham operation and acute injury produced no change in behavior
other than slight, mechanical hyperalgesia for ~1 day, ipsilateral to
the acute injury. Ectopic spontaneous discharges generated within the
chronically compressed ganglion and, occurring in the absence of
blood-borne chemicals and without an intact sympathetic nervous system,
were recorded from neurons with intact, conducting, myelinated or
unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers. The incidence of spontaneously
active myelinated fibers was 8.61% for CCD rats versus 0.96% for
previously nonsurgical rats. We hypothesize that a chronic compression
of the dorsal root ganglion after certain injuries or diseases of the
spine may produce, in neurons with intact axons, abnormal ectopic
discharges that originate from the ganglion and potentially contribute
to low back pain, sciatica, hyperalgesia, and tactile allodynia.
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