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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 1 January 2000, pp. 374-392
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77225; and 2N. K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117808, Russia
Kabotyanski, Evgeni A.,
Douglas A. Baxter,
Susan J. Cushman, and
John H. Byrne.
Modulation of Fictive Feeding by Dopamine and Serotonin in
Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 374-392, 2000. The buccal ganglia of
Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that
mediates rhythmic movements of the buccal apparatus during feeding.
Activity in this CPG is believed to be regulated, in part, by extrinsic
serotonergic inputs and by an intrinsic and extrinsic system of
putative dopaminergic cells. The present study investigated the roles
of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in regulating feeding movements
of the buccal apparatus and properties of the underlying neural
circuitry. Perfusing a semi-intact head preparation with DA (50 µM)
or the metabolic precursor of catecholamines (L-3-4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, DOPA, 250 µM) induced
feeding-like movements of the jaws and radula/odontophore. These
DA-induced movements were similar to bites in intact animals. Perfusing
with 5-HT (5 µM) also induced feeding-like movements, but the
5-HT-induced movements were similar to swallows. In preparations of
isolated buccal ganglia, buccal motor programs (BMPs) that represented at least two different aspects of fictive feeding (i.e., ingestion and
rejection) could be recorded. Bath application of DA (50 µM) increased the frequency of BMPs, in part, by increasing the number of
ingestion-like BMPs. Bath application of 5-HT (5 µM) did not significantly increase the frequency of BMPs nor did it significantly increase the proportion of ingestion-like BMPs being expressed. Many of
the cells and synaptic connections within the CPG appeared to be
modulated by DA or 5-HT. For example, bath application of DA decreased
the excitability of cells B4/5 and B34, which in turn may have
contributed to the DA-induced increase in ingestion-like BMPs. In
summary, bite-like movements were induced by DA in the semi-intact
preparation, and neural correlates of these DA-induced effects were
manifest as an increase in ingestion-like BMPs in the isolated ganglia.
Swallow-like movements were induced by 5-HT in the semi-intact
preparation. Neural correlates of these 5-HT-induced effects were not
evident in isolated buccal ganglia, however.
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