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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 1 January 2000, pp. 537-551
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Program in Neuroscience, 2Department of Psychology, 3Department of Radiology, and 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
Sobel, Noam,
Vivek Prabhakaran,
Zuo Zhao,
John E. Desmond,
Gary H. Glover,
Edith V. Sullivan, and
John D. E. Gabrieli.
Time Course of Odorant-Induced Activation in the Human Primary
Olfactory Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 537-551, 2000. Paradoxically, attempts to visualize
odorant-induced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation
in the human have yielded activations in secondary olfactory regions
but not in the primary olfactory cortex-piriform cortex. We show that odorant-induced activation in primary olfactory cortex was not previously made evident with fMRI because of the unique time course of
activity in this region: in primary olfactory cortex, odorants induced
a strong early transient increase in signal amplitude that then
habituated within 30-40 s of odorant presence. This time course of
activation seen here in the primary olfactory cortex of the human is
almost identical to that recorded electrophysiologically in the
piriform cortex of the rat. Mapping activation with analyses that are
sensitive to both this transient increase in signal amplitude, and
temporal-variance, enabled us to use fMRI to consistently visualize
odorant-induced activation in the human primary olfactory cortex. The
combination of continued accurate odorant detection at the behavioral
level despite primary olfactory cortex habituation at the physiological
level suggests that the functional neuroanatomy of the olfactory
response may change throughout prolonged olfactory stimulation.
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