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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 2 February 2000, pp. 777-790
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Center for Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616; and 2Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Recanzone, Gregg H. and
Robert H. Wurtz.
Effects of Attention on MT and MST Neuronal Activity During
Pursuit Initiation. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 777-790, 2000. The responses of neurons in monkey extrastriate
areas MT (middle temporal) and MST (medial superior temporal), and the
initial metrics of saccadic and pursuit eye movements, have previously been shown to be better predicted by vector averaging or
winner-take-all models depending on the stimulus conditions. To
investigate the potential influences of attention on the neuronal
activity, we measured the responses of single MT and MST neurons under
identical stimulus conditions when one of two moving stimuli was the
target for a pursuit eye movement. We found the greatest attentional modulation across neurons when two stimuli moved through the receptive field (RF) of the neuron and the stimulus motion was initiated at least
450 ms before reaching the center of the RF. These conditions were the
same as those in which a winner-take-all model better predicted both
the eye movements and the underlying neuronal activity. The modulation
was almost always an increase of activity, and it was about equally
frequent in MT and MST. A modulation of >50% was observed in ~41%
of MT neurons and 27% of MST neurons. Responses to all directions of
motion were modulated so that the direction tuning curves in the
attended and unattended conditions were similar. Changes in the
background activity with target selection were small and unlikely to
account for the observed attentional modulation. In contrast, there was
little change in the neuronal response with attention when the stimulus
reached the RF center 150 ms after motion onset, which was also the
condition in which the vector average model better predicted the
initial eye movements and the activity of the neurons. These results
are consistent with a competition model of attention in which top-down
attention acts on the activity of one of two competing populations of
neurons activated by the bottom-up input from peripheral stimuli. They suggest that there is a minimal separation of the populations necessary
before attention can act on one population, similar to that required to
produce a winner-take-all mode of behavior in pursuit initiation. The
present experiments also suggest that it takes several hundred
milliseconds to develop this top-down attention effect.
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