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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 2 February 2000, pp. 864-878
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and 2A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119 899, Russia
Deliagina, T. G. and
P. Fagerstedt.
Responses of Reticulospinal Neurons in Intact Lamprey to
Vestibular and Visual Inputs. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 864-878, 2000. A lamprey maintains the dorsal-side-up
orientation due to the activity of postural control system driven by
vestibular input. Visual input can affect the body orientation:
illumination of one eye evokes ipsilateral roll tilt. An important
element of the postural network is the reticulospinal (RS) neurons
transmitting commands from the brain stem to the spinal cord. Here we
describe responses to vestibular and visual stimuli in RS neurons of
the intact lamprey. We recorded activity from the axons of larger RS
neurons with six extracellular electrodes chronically implanted on the
surface of the spinal cord. From these multielectrode recordings of
mass activity, discharges in individual axons were extracted by means
of a spike-sorting program, and the axon position in the spinal cord
and its conduction velocity were determined. Vestibular stimulation was
performed by rotating the animal around its longitudinal axis in steps
of 45° through 360°. Nonpatterned visual stimulation was performed
by unilateral eye illumination. All RS neurons were classified into two
groups depending on their pattern of response to vestibular and visual
stimuli; the groups also differed in the axon position in the spinal
cord and its conduction velocity. Each group consisted of two
symmetrical, left and right, subgroups. In group 1
neurons, rotation of the animal evoked both dynamic and static
responses; these responses were much larger when rotation was directed
toward the contralateral labyrinth, and the dynamic responses to
stepwise rotation occurred at any initial orientation of the animal,
but they were more pronounced within the angular zone of 0-135°. The
zone of static responses approximately coincided with the zone of
pronounced dynamic responses. The group 1 neurons received excitatory input from the ipsilateral eye and inhibitory input
from the contralateral eye. When vestibular stimulation was combined
with illumination of the ipsilateral eye, both dynamic and static
vestibular responses were augmented. Contralateral eye illumination
caused a decrease of both types of responses. Group 2
neurons responded dynamically to rotation in both directions throughout
360°. They received excitatory inputs from both eyes. Axons of the
group 2 neurons had higher conduction velocity and were
located more medially in the spinal cord as compared with the
group 1 neurons. We suggest that the reticulospinal
neurons of group 1 constitute an essential part of the
postural network in the lamprey. They transmit orientation-dependent
command signals to the spinal cord causing postural corrections. The
role of these neurons is discussed in relation to the model of the roll
control system formulated in our previous studies.
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