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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 3 March 2000, pp. 1125-1140
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins
Hospital, Baltimore 21287; 2Department of
Neurology, Zurich University Hospital, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
3Departments of Ophthalmology and
Otolaryngology
Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Straumann, D.,
D. S. Zee, and
D. Solomon.
Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Ocular Drift in Humans With
Cerebellar Atrophy. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1125-1140, 2000. One of the signs of the cerebellar ocular motor
syndrome is the inability to maintain horizontal and vertical
fixation. Typically, in the presence of cerebellar atrophy, the
eyes show horizontal gaze-evoked and vertical downbeat nystagmus. We
investigated whether or not the cerebellar ocular motor syndrome also
includes a torsional drift and, specifically, if it is independent from
the drift in the horizontal-vertical plane. The existence of such a
torsional drift would suggest that the cerebellum is critically
involved in maintaining the eyes in Listing's plane. Eighteen patients with cerebellar atrophy (diagnosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging) were tested and compared with a group of normal subjects. Three-dimensional eye movements (horizontal, vertical, and torsional) during attempted fixations of targets at different horizontal and
vertical eccentricities were recorded by dual search coils in a
three-field magnetic frame. The overall ocular drift was composed of an
upward drift that increased during lateral gaze, a horizontal
centripetal drift that appeared during lateral gaze, and a torsional
drift that depended on horizontal eye position. The vertical drift
consisted of two subcomponents: a vertical gaze-evoked drift and a
constant vertical velocity bias. The increase of upward drift velocity
with eccentric horizontal gaze was caused by an increase of the
vertical velocity bias; this component did not comply with Listing's
law. The horizontal-eye-position-dependent torsional drift was
intorsional in abduction and extorsional in adduction, which led to an
additional violation of Listing's law. The existence of torsional
drift that is eye-position-dependent suggests that the cerebellum is
critically involved in the implementation of Listing's law, perhaps by
mapping a tonic torsional signal that depends on the direction of the
line of sight. The magnitude of this signal might reflect the
difference in torsional eye position between the torsional resting
position determined by the mechanics of the eye plant and the torsional
position required by Listing's law.
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