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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 3 March 2000, pp. 1677-1692
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4415
Liu, Zheng and
Barry J. Richmond.
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
Association Related to Reward Schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677-1692, 2000. Anatomic and
behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two
directly connected but distinct inferior temporal areas. Despite this
distinctness, physiological properties of neurons in these two areas
generally have been similar with neurons in both areas showing
selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response
modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed
match-to-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here
we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these
two areas. We recorded single neurons from area TE and perirhinal
cortex while the monkeys performed a simple behavioral task using
randomly interleaved visually cued reward schedules of one, two, or
three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue's relation to the reward
schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral
performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials
in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well
as more intermediate trials remained. Thus the monkeys appeared more
motivated as they progressed through the trial schedule. Neurons in
both TE and perirhinal cortex responded to both the visual cues related
to the reward schedules and the stimulus patterns used in the DMS trials. As expected, neurons in both areas showed response selectivity to the DMS patterns, and significant, but small, modulations related to
the behavioral context in the DMS trial. However, TE and perirhinal neurons showed strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses was centered 66 ms later than
the distribution of TE responses, a larger difference than the 10-15
ms usually found in sequentially connected visual cortical areas. In
TE, cue-related responses were related to the cue's brightness. In
perirhinal cortex, cue-related responses were related to the trial
schedules independently of the cue's brightness. For example, some
perirhinal neurons responded in the first trial of any reward schedule
including the one trial schedule, whereas other neurons failed to
respond in the first trial but respond in the last trial of any
schedule. The majority of perirhinal neurons had more complicated
relations to the schedule. The cue-related activity of TE neurons is
interpreted most parsimoniously as a response to the stimulus
brightness, whereas the cue-related activity of perirhinal neurons is
interpreted most parsimoniously as carrying associative information
about the animal's progress through the reward schedule. Perirhinal
cortex may be part of a system gauging the relation between work
schedules and rewards.
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