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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 4 April 2000, pp. 1979-2001
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4435
Sommer, Marc A. and
Robert H. Wurtz.
Composition and Topographic Organization of Signals Sent From the
Frontal Eye Field to the Superior Colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1979-2001, 2000. The frontal eye
field (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC) contribute to saccadic eye
movement generation, and much of the FEF's oculomotor influence may be
mediated through the SC. The present study examined the composition and
topographic organization of signals flowing from FEF to SC by recording
from FEF neurons that were antidromically activated from rostral or
caudal SC. The first and most general result was that, in a sample of
88 corticotectal neurons, the types of signals relayed from FEF to SC
were highly diverse, reflecting the general population of signals
within FEF rather than any specific subset of signals. Second, many
neurons projecting from FEF to SC carried signals thought to reflect
cognitive operations, namely tonic discharges during the delay period
of a delayed-saccade task (delay signals), elevated discharges during the gap period of a gap task (gap increase signals), or both. Third,
FEF neurons discharging during fixation were found to project to the
SC, although they did not project preferentially to rostral SC, where
similar fixation neurons are found. Neurons that did project
preferentially to the rostral SC were those with foveal visual
responses and those pausing during the gap period of the gap task. Many
of the latter neurons also had foveal visual responses, presaccadic
pauses in activity, and postsaccadic increases in activity. These two
types of rostral-projecting neurons therefore may contribute to the
activity of rostral SC fixation neurons. Fourth, conduction velocity
was used as an indicator of cell size to correct for sampling bias. The
outcome of this correction procedure suggested that among the most
prevalent neurons in the FEF corticotectal population are those
carrying putative cognitive-related signals, i.e., delay and gap
increase signals, and among the least prevalent are those carrying
presaccadic burst discharges but lacking peripheral visual responses.
Fifth, corticotectal neurons carrying various signals were biased
topographically across the FEF. Neurons with peripheral visual
responses but lacking presaccadic burst discharges were biased
laterally, neurons with presaccadic burst discharges but lacking
peripheral visual responses were biased medially, and neurons carrying
delay or gap increase signals were biased dorsally. Finally,
corticotectal neurons were distributed within the FEF as a function of
their visual or movement field eccentricity and projected to the SC
such that eccentricity maps in both structures were closely aligned. We
conclude that the FEF most likely influences the activity of SC neurons
continuously from the start of fixation, through visual analysis and
cognitive manipulations, until a saccade is generated and fixation
begins anew. Furthermore, the projection from FEF to SC is highly
topographically organized in terms of function at both its source and
its termination.
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