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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 5 May 2000, pp. 2482-2496
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Otolaryngology
Head and Neck
Surgery, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering,
and 3Department of Neuroscience, The Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910
Lasker, David M.,
Timothy E. Hullar, and
Lloyd B. Minor.
Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex Evoked by High-Acceleration
Rotations in the Squirrel Monkey. III. Responses After Labyrinthectomy. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2482-2496, 2000. The horizontal angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) evoked by
high-frequency, high-acceleration rotations was studied in four squirrel monkeys after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Spontaneous nystagmus was measured at the beginning and end of each testing session. During the period that animals were kept in darkness (4 days),
the nystagmus at each of these times measured ~20°/s. Within 18-24
h after return to the light, the nystagmus (measured in darkness)
decreased to 2.8 ± 1.5°/s (mean ± SD) when recorded at
the beginning but was 20.3 ± 3.9°/s at the end of the testing session. The latency of the VOR measured from responses to steps of
acceleration (3,000°/s2 reaching a velocity of 150°/s)
was 8.4 ± 0.3 ms for responses to ipsilesional rotations and
7.7 ± 0.4 ms for contralesional rotations. During the period that
animals were kept in darkness after the labyrinthectomy, the gain of
the VOR measured during the steps of acceleration was 0.67 ± 0.12 for contralesional rotations and 0.39 ± 0.04 for ipsilesional
rotations. Within 18-24 h after return to light, the VOR gain for
contralesional rotations increased to 0.87 ± 0.08, whereas there
was only a slight increase for ipsilesional rotations to 0.41 ± 0.06. A symmetrical increase in the gain measured at the plateau of
head velocity was noted after the animals were returned to light. The
VOR evoked by sinusoidal rotations of 2-15 Hz, ±20°/s, showed a
better recovery of gain at lower (2-4 Hz) than at higher (6-15 Hz)
frequencies. At 0.5 Hz, gain decreased symmetrically when the peak
amplitude was increased from 20 to 100°/s. At 10 Hz, gain was
decreased for ipsilesional half-cycles and increased for contralesional
half-cycles when velocity was raised from 20 to 50°/s. A model
incorporating linear and nonlinear pathways was used to simulate the
data. Selective increases in the gain for the linear pathway accounted
for the recovery in VOR gain for responses at the velocity plateau of
the steps of acceleration and for the sinusoidal rotations at lower
peak velocities. The increase in gain for contralesional responses to
steps of acceleration and sinusoidal rotations at higher frequencies
and velocities was due to an increase in the contribution of the
nonlinear pathway. This pathway was driven into cutoff and therefore
did not affect responses for rotations toward the lesioned side.
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