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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 5 May 2000, pp. 2580-2601
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1First Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; and 2Università degli Studi di Parma, Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, 39-I43100 Parma, Italy
Murata, Akira,
Vittorio Gallese,
Giuseppe Luppino,
Masakazu Kaseda, and
Hideo Sakata.
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
Grasping in Neurons of Monkey Parietal Area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580-2601, 2000. In this
study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of
hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area
(area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating on
three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes,
and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons
during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as
well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the
hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing
either lesser activity during manipulation in the dark than during that
in the light (visual-motor neurons) or no activation in the dark
(visual-dominant neurons). Of these visually responsive neurons, more
than half (n = 66) responded during the object-fixation task
(object-type). Among these, 55 were tested for their shape selectivity
during the object-fixation task, and many (n = 25) were highly selective, preferring one particular shape of the six
different shapes presented (ring, cube, cylinder, cone, sphere, and
square plate). For 28 moderately selective object-type neurons, we
performed multidimensional scaling (MDS) to examine how the neurons
encode the similarity of objects. The results suggest that some
moderately selective neurons responded preferentially to common
geometric features shared by similar objects (flat, round, elongated,
etc.). Moderately selective nonobject-type visually responsive neurons,
which did not respond during object fixation, were found by MDS to be
more closely related to the handgrip than to the object shape. We found
a similar selectivity for handgrip in motor-dominant neurons that did
not show any visual response. With regard to the size of the objects,
16 of 26 object-type neurons tested were selective for both size and
shape, whereas 9 object-type neurons were selective for shape but not
for size. Seven of 12 nonobject-type and all (8/8) of the
motor-dominant neurons examined were selective for size, and almost all
of them were also selective for objects. Many hand-manipulation-related
neurons that preferred the plate and/or ring were
selective for the orientation of the objects (17/20). These results
suggest that the visual responses of object-type neurons represent the
shape, size, and/or orientation of 3D objects, whereas those of the
nonobject-type neurons probably represent the shape of the handgrip,
grip size, or hand-orientation. The activity of motor-dominant neurons
was also, in part, likely to represent these parameters of hand
movement. This suggests that the dorsal visual pathway is concerned
with the aspect of form, orientation, and/or size perception that is
relevant for the visual control of movements.
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