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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 5 May 2000, pp. 2661-2675
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
School of Health Related Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Sainburg, R. L. and
D. Kalakanis.
Differences in Control of Limb Dynamics During Dominant and
Nondominant Arm Reaching. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2661-2675, 2000. This study compares the coordination patterns
employed for the left and right arms during rapid targeted reaching
movements. Six right-handed subjects reached to each of three targets,
designed to elicit progressively greater amplitude interaction torques at the elbow joint. All targets required the same elbow excursion (20°), but different shoulder excursions (5, 10, and 15°,
respectively). Movements were restricted to the shoulder and elbow and
supported on a horizontal plane by a frictionless air-jet system.
Subjects received visual feedback only of the final hand position with respect to the start and target locations. For motivation, points were
awarded based on final position accuracy for movements completed within
an interval of 400-600 ms. For all subjects, the right and left hands
showed a similar time course of improvement in final position accuracy
over repeated trials. After task adaptation, final position accuracy
was similar for both hands; however, the hand trajectories and joint
coordination patterns during the movements were systematically
different. Right hand paths showed medial to lateral curvatures that
were consistent in magnitude for all target directions, whereas the
left hand paths had lateral to medial curvatures that increased in
magnitude across the three target directions. Inverse dynamic analysis
revealed substantial differences in the coordination of muscle and
intersegmental torques for the left and right arms. Although left elbow
muscle torque contributed largely to elbow acceleration, right arm
coordination was characterized by a proximal control strategy, in which
movement of both joints was primarily driven by the effects of shoulder muscles. In addition, right hand path direction changes were
independent of elbow interaction torque impulse, indicating skillful
coordination of muscle actions with intersegmental dynamics. In
contrast, left hand path direction changes varied directly with elbow
interaction torque impulse. These findings strongly suggest that
distinct neural control mechanisms are employed for dominant and non
dominant arm movements. However, whether interlimb differences in
neural strategies are a consequence of asymmetric use of the two arms, or vice versa, is not yet understood. The implications for neural organization of voluntary movement control are discussed.
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