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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 5 May 2000, pp. 3031-3041
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Departments of 1Biology and 2Physics and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
Hempel, Chris M.,
Kenichi H. Hartman,
X.-J. Wang,
Gina G. Turrigiano, and
Sacha B. Nelson.
Multiple Forms of Short-Term Plasticity at Excitatory Synapses in
Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 3031-3041, 2000. Short-term synaptic plasticity, in
particular short-term depression and facilitation, strongly influences
neuronal activity in cerebral cortical circuits. We investigated
short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses onto layer V pyramidal
cells in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, a region whose synaptic
dynamic properties have not been systematically examined. Using
intracellular and extracellular recordings of synaptic responses evoked
by stimulation in layers II/III in vitro, we found that short-term
depression and short-term facilitation are similar to those described
previously in other regions of the cortex. In additition, synapses in
the prefrontal cortex prominently express augmentation, a longer
lasting form of short-term synaptic enhancement. This consists of a
40-60% enhancement of synaptic transmission which lasts seconds to
minutes and which can be induced by stimulus trains of moderate
duration and frequency. Synapses onto layer III neurons in the primary visual cortex express substantially less augmentation, indicating that
this is a synapse-specific property. Intracellular recordings from
connected pairs of layer V pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex
suggest that augmentation is a property of individual synapses that
does not require activation of multiple synaptic inputs or neuromodulatory fibers. We propose that synaptic augmentation could
function to enhance the ability of a neuronal circuit to sustain
persistent activity after a transient stimulus. This idea is explored
using a computer simulation of a simplified recurrent cortical network.
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